白炭黑在环氧化天然橡胶中的应用

摘要：研究在不使用任何偶联剂的条件下,白炭黑在环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）中的应用。白炭黑在天然橡胶（NR）中会发生明显的团聚,而在ENR中的团聚情况可得到明显改善,且ENR的环氧化程度越高,白炭黑的分散性越好。ENR白炭黑胶料表现出良好的抗湿滑性能和较低的滚动阻力,白炭黑用量大T20份时,ENR/白炭黑胶料的压缩生热明显低于NR／炭黑胶料。     

纳米二氧化硅表面改性及其补强天然胶乳研究

简述了纳米二氧化硅的表面结构、表面改性机理及方法。介绍国内外对纳米二氧化硅表面化学改性及纳米二氧化硅改性天然橡胶复合材料的制备工艺进行详述,最后对纳米二氧化硅改性天然胶乳存在的问题和发展方向进行了展望。     

Thermal degradation of epoxidized natural rubber in presence of neodymium stearate

The effect of neodymium stearate (NdSt) synthesized by saponification method on thermal degradation and thermo-oxidative degradation of expoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol.% epoxidation (ENR25) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the structure of ENR25 vulcanized with NdSt after thermo-oxidative decomposition was characterized using Fourier transform infared spectroscopy-attenuated total-reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The thermal degradation kinetic parameters of ENR25 with different loadings of NdSt were determined by Coats-Redfern method. The results showed that the thermal degradation of ENR25 in nitrogen was a one-step reaction regardless of NdSt content, whereas the thermo-oxidative degradation was a multiple-step reaction. The thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the ENR25 vulcanizates with the addition of NdSt was higher than that of pure ENR25 vulcanizates. The ENR25 vulcanizates with the incorporation of 1 phr (per hundred parts of rubber) NdSt imparted the highest activation energy (E) of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation. This could be attributed to the many unoccupied orbits in rare earth Nd, which could capture the free radicals and make the epoxide groups stable in the process of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation for ENR25.     

Effect of neodymium stearate on cure and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber

The effect of neodymium stearate (NdSt) on cure and mechanical properties of expoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol.% epoxida-tion (ENR25) was studied in the concentration range of 0 to 2 phr, and the relationship between structure and mechanical properties of ENR25 vulcanizates was also discussed. Neodymium sterate was synthesized by saponification of stearic acid with newly formed rare earth hydroxide in water medium, and the structure of NdSt was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Crosslinking den-sity of vulcanized natural rubber was studied by equilibrium swelling method. The results indicated that the interaction force between carbox-ylic ion of NdSt prepared in the lab and Nd ion was mainly ionic bond through FTIR analysis. NdSt could accelerate the vulcanization of ENR25 and influence the network structure of ENR25 vulcanizates. The incorporation of 1 phr NdSt for ENR25 vulcanizates showed the op-timal aging resistnce.     

基于二硫键还原酶异源表达与优化的羽毛废弃物双酶协同降解及应用

富含角蛋白的羽毛废弃物是一种潜在的优质蛋白资源,但缺乏有效的回收方式。角蛋白酶可催化降解羽毛废弃物产生氨基酸和多肽等高价值水解产物,被认为是一种极具潜力的废弃角蛋白回收方式。然而,角蛋白酶较低的二硫键还原活性却成为限制羽毛水解效率的瓶颈问题。该研究通过二硫键还原酶破坏羽毛角蛋白的二硫键,与角蛋白酶协同作用加速羽毛废弃物的降解。首先,在Bacillus subtilis WB600中异源表达来源于Bacillus subtilis 168的4种二硫键还原酶,并对其酶学性质进行表征;进而通过优化二硫键还原酶MsrA的信号肽,提高了其胞外表达量;最后,探究了二硫键还原酶与角蛋白酶KerZ1协同降解羽毛的效果,分析了水解液中氨基酸的种类和含量。二硫键还原酶AhpC、DLD、MsrA和TrxR成功实现了胞外表达,比酶活力分别为0.53、1.69、16.7、2.06 U/mg; MsrA携带信号肽YxkH时胞外二硫键还原酶活性提高了4.2倍;MsrA+KerZ1降解羽毛的水解液中可溶性蛋白含量是KerZ1单独降解时的3倍;优化后的MsrA+KerZ1降解100 g/L的鸭毛和鸡毛,水解液中氨基酸含...     

考虑储能和需求侧响应的微网光伏消纳能力研究

在光伏发电迅速发展的情况下,分布式光伏的消纳成为人们关注的热点。构建了含有分布式光伏、储能系统以及需求侧响应的光伏微网系统。以光伏发电消纳量最大为首要目标,同时考虑微网系统的用电成本,并加入功率平衡、微网可靠性、储能系统功率上下限、需求侧响应以及光伏出力界限等约束条件。为了对比分析储能和需求侧响应对微网光伏消纳的影响,设立不考虑储能系统和需求侧响应、只考虑储能系统、只考虑需求侧响应、同时考虑储能系统和需求侧响应4种情景,使用改进帝国竞争算法解决约束条件较多的问题。通过对比发现,借助储能系统和需求侧响应能够有效地提高微网中分布式光伏的消纳率,同时也保证了微网用电的经济性。     

活化改性对煤矸石粉补强天然橡胶性能的影响

将煤矸石粉经活性改性处理后用作天然橡胶补强填充剂。采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等手段研究了热处理和偶联剂改性对煤矸石补强天然橡胶性能的影响。煤矸石粉热处理在800℃以内时,天然橡胶硫化胶的拉伸强度随温度升高而增大,当热温度达到900℃时,硫化胶的拉伸强度略有下降。偶联剂改性能显著提高煤矸石的补强性能,当硅烷偶联剂KH-570质量分数≤2%时,天然橡胶的拉伸强度随偶联剂用量增加显著增大;当偶联剂质量分数>2%时,拉伸强度的增加幅度不明显;而偶联剂质量分数为2%时,硫化橡胶的300%定伸应力达到最大,之后定伸应力随偶联剂质量分数增大而减小。     

改性石墨矸石粉补强天然橡胶性能的研究

研究改性石墨矸石粉补强天然橡胶(NR)的性能,并以煅烧温度、煅烧时间和偶联剂用量为3个因子通过正交试验来研究石墨矸石粉的最佳改性条件。结果表明:与炭黑补强胶料相比,石墨矸石粉补强胶料具有相似的硫化特性,焦烧时间略长。改性石墨矸石粉对NR具有明显的补强作用。SPSS软件分析的硫化胶物理性能结果显示,改性条件对补强性能影响主次顺序为偶联剂用量、煅烧温度和煅烧时间。正交试验分析确定石墨矸石粉的最佳改性条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间1.5h,偶联剂用量(占石墨矸石粉质量的比例)2.2%。     

风电场下储能式高功率型DVR优化补偿策略研究

在风电场并网运行时,电力系统面临组网重构时的PV节点暂态稳定、电能质量和容量协调运行机制变差等负面问题。针对并网型风电系统常用无功补偿装置进行低压穿越以向电网注入友好风能的特点,构建了一种超级电容储能式高功率型动态电压恢复器(DVR),对电网调度值和风电场输出功率进行监测,由高功率型DVR协调功率控制。相比于传统储能式DVR,大幅降低了风电场并网母线点的谐波含量及储能装置容量。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建的仿真模型及小型实验验证了风电场下该DVR拓扑结构及其控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

纳米蒙脱土/PP/PVC共混物的性能研究

对纳米蒙脱土(nano-MMT)/聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯(PP/PVC)共混物的性能进行了研究,讨论了纳米MMT用量对PP/PVC(40/60)共混物性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着加入纳米MMT量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度也逐渐增加;当共混物中加入纳米MMT 5份时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大值;随着加入纳米MMT的增加,共混物...