一种改进的多传感器数据融合方法

最优加权法在数据融合时需要确知噪声方差信息,其权值固定不变,而联合卡尔曼滤波法需要确知噪声协方差信息。在噪声先验信息与实际数值差别较大或传感器系统噪声相关时,这两种方法的参数估计精度将急剧下降。针对以上不足,文中提出了一种新的动态最优加权和最小二乘滤波相结合的数据融合方法,该方法能随传感器信号起伏的变化动态调整权值,不需要噪声的统计信息,在系统噪声相关时仍能获得较高的测量精度,具有较强的稳健性。仿真结果验证了新方法的有效性。     

Effect of neodymium stearate on cure and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber

The effect of neodymium stearate (NdSt) on cure and mechanical properties of expoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol.% epoxida-tion (ENR25) was studied in the concentration range of 0 to 2 phr, and the relationship between structure and mechanical properties of ENR25 vulcanizates was also discussed. Neodymium sterate was synthesized by saponification of stearic acid with newly formed rare earth hydroxide in water medium, and the structure of NdSt was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Crosslinking den-sity of vulcanized natural rubber was studied by equilibrium swelling method. The results indicated that the interaction force between carbox-ylic ion of NdSt prepared in the lab and Nd ion was mainly ionic bond through FTIR analysis. NdSt could accelerate the vulcanization of ENR25 and influence the network structure of ENR25 vulcanizates. The incorporation of 1 phr NdSt for ENR25 vulcanizates showed the op-timal aging resistnce.     

考虑储能和需求侧响应的微网光伏消纳能力研究

在光伏发电迅速发展的情况下,分布式光伏的消纳成为人们关注的热点。构建了含有分布式光伏、储能系统以及需求侧响应的光伏微网系统。以光伏发电消纳量最大为首要目标,同时考虑微网系统的用电成本,并加入功率平衡、微网可靠性、储能系统功率上下限、需求侧响应以及光伏出力界限等约束条件。为了对比分析储能和需求侧响应对微网光伏消纳的影响,设立不考虑储能系统和需求侧响应、只考虑储能系统、只考虑需求侧响应、同时考虑储能系统和需求侧响应4种情景,使用改进帝国竞争算法解决约束条件较多的问题。通过对比发现,借助储能系统和需求侧响应能够有效地提高微网中分布式光伏的消纳率,同时也保证了微网用电的经济性。     

Thermal degradation of epoxidized natural rubber in presence of neodymium stearate

The effect of neodymium stearate (NdSt) synthesized by saponification method on thermal degradation and thermo-oxidative degradation of expoxidized natural rubber with 25 mol.% epoxidation (ENR25) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the structure of ENR25 vulcanized with NdSt after thermo-oxidative decomposition was characterized using Fourier transform infared spectroscopy-attenuated total-reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The thermal degradation kinetic parameters of ENR25 with different loadings of NdSt were determined by Coats-Redfern method. The results showed that the thermal degradation of ENR25 in nitrogen was a one-step reaction regardless of NdSt content, whereas the thermo-oxidative degradation was a multiple-step reaction. The thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the ENR25 vulcanizates with the addition of NdSt was higher than that of pure ENR25 vulcanizates. The ENR25 vulcanizates with the incorporation of 1 phr (per hundred parts of rubber) NdSt imparted the highest activation energy (E) of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation. This could be attributed to the many unoccupied orbits in rare earth Nd, which could capture the free radicals and make the epoxide groups stable in the process of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation for ENR25.     

活化改性对煤矸石粉补强天然橡胶性能的影响

将煤矸石粉经活性改性处理后用作天然橡胶补强填充剂。采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等手段研究了热处理和偶联剂改性对煤矸石补强天然橡胶性能的影响。煤矸石粉热处理在800℃以内时,天然橡胶硫化胶的拉伸强度随温度升高而增大,当热温度达到900℃时,硫化胶的拉伸强度略有下降。偶联剂改性能显著提高煤矸石的补强性能,当硅烷偶联剂KH-570质量分数≤2%时,天然橡胶的拉伸强度随偶联剂用量增加显著增大;当偶联剂质量分数>2%时,拉伸强度的增加幅度不明显;而偶联剂质量分数为2%时,硫化橡胶的300%定伸应力达到最大,之后定伸应力随偶联剂质量分数增大而减小。     

改性石墨矸石粉补强天然橡胶性能的研究

研究改性石墨矸石粉补强天然橡胶(NR)的性能,并以煅烧温度、煅烧时间和偶联剂用量为3个因子通过正交试验来研究石墨矸石粉的最佳改性条件。结果表明:与炭黑补强胶料相比,石墨矸石粉补强胶料具有相似的硫化特性,焦烧时间略长。改性石墨矸石粉对NR具有明显的补强作用。SPSS软件分析的硫化胶物理性能结果显示,改性条件对补强性能影响主次顺序为偶联剂用量、煅烧温度和煅烧时间。正交试验分析确定石墨矸石粉的最佳改性条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间1.5h,偶联剂用量(占石墨矸石粉质量的比例)2.2%。     

白炭黑在环氧化天然橡胶中的应用

摘要：研究在不使用任何偶联剂的条件下,白炭黑在环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）中的应用。白炭黑在天然橡胶（NR）中会发生明显的团聚,而在ENR中的团聚情况可得到明显改善,且ENR的环氧化程度越高,白炭黑的分散性越好。ENR白炭黑胶料表现出良好的抗湿滑性能和较低的滚动阻力,白炭黑用量大T20份时,ENR/白炭黑胶料的压缩生热明显低于NR／炭黑胶料。     

PP-HBP改性PP／PVO的流变行为

研究了聚丙烯接枝超支化聚（酰胺酯）（PPHBP）／PP／聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混体系的流变行为。讨论了PP-HBP用煮对PP／PVC共混体系流变行为的影响。结果表明，当PP／PVC共混体系中加入PPHBP不大于5份时，PP／PVC／PPHBP共混体系的表观粘度大于PP／PVc共混体系的；当加入PP—HBP大于5份时，PP／PVC／PP-HBP共混体系的表观粘度小于PP／PVC共混体系的；随着温度升高，PP／PVC和PP／PVC／PP—HBP共混体系表观粘度减小。     

差示扫描量热法研究天然橡胶的低温结晶与熔融行为

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对天然橡胶(NR)等温结晶过程进行了研究。结果表明,天然橡胶在等温结晶6～8小时后结晶基本完善,具有两种结晶结构。在-25℃结晶时,结晶速率和结晶程度最大。以大于5℃/min的升温速率熔融时,熔融曲线出现明显的双峰。通过Hoffman-Weeks方程拟合得到天然橡胶的平衡熔点为18.03℃～62.42℃。由等温结晶动力学计算,得出天然橡胶等温结晶过程的Avrmai指数在2.21～3.02之间。     

A_2-B_4型超支化聚酯上活性端羧基与环氧氯丙烷的反应动力学

以季戊四醇和己二酸合成了具有活性端羧基的 A2 -B4型超支化聚酯 ,并进一步研究了该 A2 -B4型超支化聚酯活性端羧基与环氧氯丙烷的反应。讨论了浓度、温度以及搅拌速率对其反应动力学的影响。结果表明 ,该反应的动力学方程偏离了经典的一级方程。我们利用反常扩散控制理论对此结果进行了相应的微观解释 ,并给出了描述这一反应体系的唯象动力学方程。