青岛沿海大型海藻抑菌活性初探

采用滤纸片法以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌4株细菌和花生菌核菌、西瓜枯萎菌、小麦赤霉菌、马铃薯早疫菌、番茄早疫菌5株植物病原真菌作为受试菌株进行抗菌实验,对采自青岛沿海10种常见大型海藻乙醇提取物不同极性部位进行抑菌活性研究.结果表明,多管藻各组分的抑菌活性优于其他所选藻类,且其Fr.4组分对供试菌株均表现抑制活性.利用柱色谱分离以及现代波谱结构鉴定技术对Fr.4中活性物质进行初步研究,得到抑菌活性较高的单体化合物3-溴4,5二羟基苯甲醛.     

Acidophilic bacterial community reflecting pollution level of sulphide mine impacted by acid mine drainage

To reveal the impact of mining on bacterial ecology around mining area, bacterial community and geochemical characteristics about Dabaoshan Mine (Guangdong Province, China) were studied. By amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and phylogenetic analysis, it is found that mining pollution greatly impacts the bacterial ecology and makes the habitat type of polluted environments close to acid mine drainage (AMD) ecology. The polluted environment is acidified so greatly that neutrophil and alkaliphilic microbes are massively dead and decomposed. It provided organic matters that can make Acidiphilium sp. rapidly grow and become the most bacterial species in this niche. Furthermore, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum sp. are also present in this niche. The amount of Leptospirillum sp. is far more than that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which indicates that the concentration of toxic ions is very high. The conclusions of biogeochemical analysis and microbiological monitor are identical. Moreover, because the growth of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum sp. depends on ferrous iron or inorganic redox sulfur compounds which can be supplied by continual AMD, their presence indicates that AMD still flows into the site. And the area is closer to the outfalls of AMD, their biomasses would be more. So the distinction of their biomasses among different areas can help us to find the effluent route of AMD. Foundation item: Project(50621063) supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of China; Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China     

硝化微生物制剂在制革废水氨氮处理中的应用

为有效降低制革废水出水氨氮浓度,以某制革厂废水处理工程为研究对象,通过外加硝化微生物制剂实现硝化污泥的快速培养,并联合序批式活性污泥工艺（SBR）探究其对硝化污泥活性及制革废水氨氮去除性能的影响。结果表明,投加硝化微生物制剂的系统,经过19 d驯化培养,污泥可生化性能良好,实验组混合液悬浮固体浓度（MLSS）相比对照组提高610 mg/L,而污泥沉降比（SV）和污泥体积指数（SVI）分别多下降5%、3.4;污泥硝化强度及硝化速率分别为6.1 mg/（L·h）和2.84 mg/（g·h）;SBR反应器接种生理稳定的硝化污泥后,能够迅速降低废水中氨氮,连续进水72 h后去除率达89.6%,并且出水氨氮可稳定维持在废水排放标准以下。     

天丝织物的阻燃抗紫外线多功能整理

采用植酸铵阻燃剂对天丝织物进行阻燃整理,探讨了阻燃剂和催化剂用量、pH值、焙烘温度及时间对整理织物阻燃性能的影响,得到天丝的阻燃整理工艺为:阻燃剂300 g/L,双氰胺50 g/L,整理液pH值6.0,焙烘温度170℃,焙烘时间5 min。测试了阻燃整理后天丝织物的红外吸收光谱、表面形貌、热稳定性以及抗紫外线性能。结果表明:整理后织物的炭长下降至4.5 cm,抗紫外线效果达到50+;经20次水洗后炭长为7.1 cm,抗紫外线效果为40+。     

TEOS/IBTS涂层对海洋潮汐区混凝土微生物污损防护效果研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和异丁基三乙氧基硅烷(IBTS)复合乳液,并在混凝土表面构建TEOS/IBTS复合涂层,然后放置于海洋潮汐区开展生物污损试验。结果表明,TEOS/IBTS复合乳液使得混凝土表面具有长期的疏水效果,海洋微生物不易在其表面粘附,可有效抑制微生物膜的形成。高通量测序表明,涂覆TEOS/IBTS复合涂层降低了混凝土表面微生物的物种丰富度和群落多样性,特别是易导致混凝土腐蚀的脱硫细菌门(Desulfobacterota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度水平明显减少,细菌群落结构得到改善。微观测试结果显示,TEOS/IBTS复合涂层改善了混凝土表面的微观结构,降低了混凝土的生物污损程度。