济南主城区不透水地表分布分析及其水文效应

以济南市主城区范围为研究区,通过现场调研、遥感解译和划分标记的手段获取并探究其不透水地表分布。研究发现,济南市主城区范围内绿化率达到33.9%,不透水面积占比为65.3%。采用HIMS-SWMM模型进行小时尺度径流模拟,据此探究济南市主城区范围内各行政区不透水地表格局下其径流系数的变化情况。以2016年7-8月降雨作为输入,整个研究区共降水125.23mm,下渗量为36.33mm,产生的径流量为88.9mm,整个济南市主城区总体径流系数为0.71。各用地类型的不透水面占比与径流系数有较强的线性关系,其变化分为阈值型和渐变型。对于阈值型用地类型,可进行较为集中的绿化措施或LID措施;对于渐变型用地类型,可采用放缓的逐步绿化或LID措施,在集中改善阈值型用地类型的不透水面占比的同时,辅以较小范围的改善措施,以达到较为经济有效的防止内涝目的。     

无辅助工艺低渗透稠油油藏热洗效果预测

针对开采初期的低渗透稠油油藏,热洗是最简单、经济、有效的清蜡、解堵工艺。无辅助工艺的热洗作业效果和多因素有关,如热洗排量、温度、时间、热洗介质、油井的产液量、动液面、泵挂深度、地质因素等。为更好地评价热洗质量,系统归纳热洗恢复周期的界定标准,提出用热洗恢复周期作为衡量热洗效果的综合评价指标。热洗恢复周期是影响热洗效果诸多因素综合作用影响的外在体现,利用已知的历史数据预测热洗后的恢复周期,从而达到预测热洗效果的目的。该方法简单实用,用我国典型低渗透稠油油藏M油藏进行实例分析,预测符合率达到100%。     

河道底泥中重金属的EDTA淋洗研究

以城市河道底泥为研究对象,用EDTA淋洗进行底泥无害化处理研究。分别探讨了EDTA浓度、淋洗时间、液固比等因素对底泥淋洗效果的影响。目的是为了给底泥中重金属的淋洗实际应用提供技术参数。实验结果表明:淋洗条件如EDTA浓度、淋洗时间和液固比都对淋洗效果有显著影响。本实验中所用底泥0.1 mol/L的EDTA在液固比10∶1的条件下,淋洗效果最好,淋洗30 min就能去除掉70%~80%的Cu和Cd。研究中还比较了淋洗前后底泥中重金属形态分布的变化,详细探讨了底泥与重金属的结合方式对淋洗效果的影响。从形态分析可以得出,原底泥中重金属的分布形态可以用来预测淋洗效果。EDTA淋洗主要针对的是离子态和碳酸盐结合态的重金属,对结合力较强的铁锰氧化物、有机物结合态和残渣态重金属效果较差。因此,可预先进行重金属形态分析来确定底泥是否可用EDTA进行淋洗。     

Electrospinning and rheological behavior of poly (vinyl alcohol)/collagen blended solutions

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/collagen (PVA/COL) micro-nanofibers were successfully prepared by electrospinning process. Water, green, and non-toxic was used as the solvent. The electrospun mats consisted of micro-nanoscale fibers with mean diameter ranging from approximately 363 nm to 179 nm. It was observed that the mean diameters of PVA/COL electrospun fibers decreased with increasing collagen content. The effects of PVA/COL blending ratio on the rheological behavior of PVA/COL blended solutions were investigated by rotate rheometer. It was found that PVA/COL blended solutions behaved as Non-Newtonian fluids. With increasing collagen content, the Non-Newtonian index (n) of PVA/COL blended solutions decreased. Meanwhile, a linear relationship was found between the Non-Newtonian index (n) and the mean diameters of the PVA/COL micronanofibers. The chemical structures of PVA/COL electrospun fibers were also characterized by FTIR.     

Scheme optimization of AT shifting element based on genetic algorithm

In order to realize the computer aided design of AT shifting element schemes, a mathematical model of shifting element schemes which can be easily identified by computers was built. Taking the transmission ratio sequence as an optimization objective and simple shifting logic between adjacent gears through operating only one shifting element as a constraint condition, a fitness function of shifting element schemes was proposed. ZF-8AT shifting element schemes were optimized based on GA work-box of MATLAB, and the feasibility of the optimization algorithm was verified.     

发电企业与电网企业上网电价的博弈

借助博弈理论,以社会效益的最大化和新能源发电企业的可持续发展为目标,建立了一种发电企业和电网企业在不完全信息条件下对于上网电价的贝叶斯博弈,确定了上网电价的定价策略,通过测算分析,验证了模型的适用性.     

Compatibility and Properties of Biodegradable Blend Films with Gelatin and Poly（vinyl alcohol）

The blend films with gelatin and poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） were prepared by a solution casting method. The compatibility between gelatin and PVA in the blend films was investigated. The transmittance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, x-ray diffraction （XRD）, thermogravimetry analysis （TG）, and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） were employed to characterize the resultant blend films. According to optic result, the opacity of the blend film at the ratio of 20/80 （w/w, Gel to PVA） was the lowest, indicating the best compatibility between Gel and PVA at the ratio. The results oflR, XRD, DSC, and TG revealed an intensive interaction and good compatibility between them in the blend film at the ratio. The mechanical properties and solubility showed that PVA content in the blend films obviously affected the elongation at break and solubility. The mechanical properties and water resistance of gelatin film may be improved by the introduetion of PVA.     

β钛合金微弧氧化膜制备及其在人体模拟液中腐蚀性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在TiNbZrFe合金表面制备出含钙磷成分的多孔氧化膜,通过人体模拟液浸泡的方法诱导生成羟基磷灰石,并利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究其在人体模拟液中浸泡不同时间后的耐腐蚀性能．结果表明,经400V电压微弧氧化后TiNbZrFe合金表面氧化膜的形貌与成分达到最优化,且明显有α-Ca3（PO4）2 相生成;α-Ca3（PO4）2 相能够起到良好的诱导生成羟基磷灰石（HA）的作用,在人体模拟液中浸泡1d后,通过XRD检测出有HA相生成,导致微弧氧化膜层表面的微孔被诱导生成物覆盖填充明显,较小微孔完全消失;随着浸泡时间的延长,经过微弧氧化膜诱导生成的HA涂层不断增厚,EIS结果表明其具有良好的隔绝渗透作用,能够阻碍腐蚀性介质在溶液和金属界面之间扩散和迁移,从而起到保护基体抗腐蚀的作用．     

创新要素集聚与区域创新绩效研究——基于浙江中小企业的实证分析

本文在对浙江中小企业发展模式探讨的基础上,以人才要素、资金要素、技术要素和研发要素四个维度构建了浙江中小企业创新要素集聚的评价指标体系,并且对中小企业创新要素集聚与创新绩效之间的关系进行了理论论述和实证分析。研究结果发现,人才要素、技术要素是推动浙江中小企业创新绩效提升的关键因素,而中小企业集群所衍生出的内部“技术锁定”是影响中小企业资金要素、研发要素对创新绩效产生作用的原因所在。     

混配柴油凝点及溶解度参数的分子模拟研究

石化柴油中添加少量生物柴油调配混配柴油是当前研究的一个热点.分别用单组分、3组分和5组分正构烷烃构建石化柴油模拟系统,以亚油酸甲酯（ML）构建单组份生物柴油模拟系统.按2％、4％、6％、8％和10％物质的量比添加ML于石化柴油模拟系统中构建不同比例的混配柴油系统.利用分子动力学方法对各种系统的凝点区间及溶解度参数进行了模拟计算.利用热容等4个性质联合判断出各系统的模拟凝点区间,发现,随着ML的添加,系统的凝点总体呈下降趋势,说明生物柴油确具有明显的降凝效果,添加生物柴油可以使柴油的低温流动性增加.相比较而言,采用3组分正构烷烃构建石化模拟系统更为合适.通过对293 K时3组分石化柴油系统添加不同比例的ML构成的混配柴油系统的溶解度参数进行分析,得出了当添加比例为4％时两种油品的相容性最佳的结论.