壳聚糖超细纤维的制备及其铬离子吸附性能研究

利用静电纺丝和热交联技术,制备了良好形貌的交联壳聚糖/聚甲基丙烯酸(CS/PMAA)纤维膜,然后采用正丙醛化学改性得到改性CS/PMAA纤维膜。Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附实验发现,铬元素浓度为6.50 mg/L时,CS/PMAA纤维膜的吸附量可以达到4.98 mg/g;而当铬元素浓度为3.75 mg/L时,铬的去除率可以达到81.0%;而且提高壳聚糖的含量有利于提高CS/PMAA纤维膜的吸附性能。改性CS/PMAA纤维膜吸附结果显示,正丙醛改性CS/PMAA纤维膜降低吸附性能,而进一步还原后的纤维膜的吸附性能优于未改性CS/PMAA纤维膜。实验结果表明,CS/PMAA纤维膜对铬离子具有良好的吸附性能;CS/PMAA纤维膜的吸附性能主要通过纤维氨基与Cr2O72-的相互作用进行,提高氨基的碱性和数量有利于提高纤维膜的吸附性能。     

低温等离子体对纳米材料表面引发

简单介绍了传统的对纳米粉体表面改性的方法,同时在实验的基础上自行发展的一种新的利用低温等离子体对纳米材料表面引发接枝聚合改性的方法,通过红外(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及热失重分析(TGA)测试表明该聚合膜是通过化学键连接在纳米粉体表面的,X射线衍射光谱(XRD)表明经等离子体处理改性的纳米粉体只是其表面性质发生了改变,其晶体结构并没有发生任何变化.     

Influence of Iodine Vapour Pressure on Formation of XeI^＊ in Xe/I2 Mixture

The influence of the iodine vapour pressure on the mechanisms of XeI^＊ formation is investigated in Xe/I2 mixture by dielectric barrier discharge. The iodine vapour pressure is measured as a function of the ultraviolet （UV） intensity of XeI^＊ emission at 253 nm, and found that the UV intensity reaches a maximum at 0.9 Torr of iodine at a xenon pressure of 300 Torr, then decreases slowly with the iodine pressure larger than 0.9 Torr. The discharge mode transforms from a hybrid discharge at a xenon pressure of 760 Torr with 1.0 Torr of iodine to a diffuse mode at 10 Torr of iodine. These results are quite different from those of other rare-gas halogen excimers and indicate a different mechanism of XeI^＊ formation from those of other rare-gas halogen excimers.     

高效清洗剂

Asadean—Sun P1astech公司开发出一种新型PS型清洗剂Asadean UP，据称该产品清洗效率高，可以大大节省清洗费用以及节约生产成本。     

一种基于纯毛绒线蛋白酶防缩处理的方法

针对羊毛采用氯化、氧化防缩工艺造成严重的生态环境污染问题,提出了纯毛绒线蛋白酶防缩处理的新方法。用S16．0蛋白酶对2232纯毛针织绒线进行防缩处理,减量率5．22％,织成羊毛衫后其织品的毡缩率下降60％,织品的抗起球性能也有所提高,但纤维有一定程度的损伤。     

Surface Modification of Polypropylene Microporous Membrane by Atmospheric- Pressure Plasma Immobilization of N,N-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate

Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) was performed by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma immobilization of N,N-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Structural and morphological changes on the membrane surface were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Water contact angles of the membrane surfaces were also measured by the sessile drop method. Results reveal that both the plasma-treating conditions and the adsorbed DMAEMA amount have remarkable effects on the immobilization degree of DMAEMA. Peroxide determination by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrvlhydrazyl (DPPH) method verifies the exsistence of radicals induced by plasma, which activize the immobilization reaction. Pure water contact angle on the membrane surface decreased with the increase of DMAEMA immobilization degree, which indicates an enhanced hydrophilicity for the modified membranes. The effects of immobilization degrees on pure water fluxes were also measured. It is shown that pure water fluxes first increased with immobilization degree and then decreased. Finally, permeation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of the DMAEMA-modified membranes, from which it is shown that both hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion are beneficial for membrane antifouling. Key words: polypropylene microporous membrane, DMAEMA, atmospheric-pressure plasma, immobilization, antifouling     

聚乙烯蜡超细微乳液的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯蜡6 100为原料,采用直接高温高压法制备聚乙烯蜡微乳液;系统研究了乳化剂HLB值、乳化剂用量、乳化时间、乳化温度、pH、搅拌速度等因素对聚乙烯蜡乳液性能的影响,并分别采用场发射透射电子显微镜(FE-TEM)和激光动态光散射仪(DLS)等研究了乳液微粒形态、粒径及其分布.结果表明,适宜的乳化工艺条件:复合乳化剂的HLB为14.8,复合乳化剂用量为6.4%,乳化时间为40 min,乳化温度为130℃,搅拌速度为60 r/min,pH=8.在该条件下可制得固含量高达40%、平均粒径为50 nm、具有良好稳定性和分散性的聚乙烯蜡超细微乳液,该乳液可以赋予织物柔软丰满的手感,减少织物表面摩擦阻力,显著改善织物的可缝纫性等.     

提高HDPE复合材料中天然纤维相容性的极性PE蜡

英国Clariant公司Pigments＆Additives分公司近来开发出一种马来酸酐接枝改性的高极性金属茂一PE蜡TP Licocene PE MA 4351，该材料是一种超细粒料，是专门为PE复合材料设计以提高其中天然纤维的相容性。该产品具有较低的熔融粘度，从而可以充分润湿纤维。据称该产品还可以提高尤其是高填充量PE成品材料的模量、拉伸强度、弯曲强度等机械性能，另外该产品还可以降低PE成品材料的吸水性以及提高尺寸稳定性。     

珍珠纤维与羊毛混纺纱线的开发

介绍了采用55％珍珠纤维与45％羊毛生产112支高支混纺纱线的工艺流程,生产中存在的问题和解决措施.为保证染色效果,要求用软水,毛条染色采用媒介染料染色,珍珠纤维条染色采用分散染料染色;珍珠纤维复洗时第3槽要加入平平加和白油;针梳采用六道针梳机梳理;前纺针梳工序应合理设置牵伸倍数,粗纱要轻;细纱工艺应加强对浮游纤维的控制,减少毛羽,以保证纱线质量良好.     

农膜用镍系光稳定剂

美国的Chemtura公司开发出用于防尘农膜的镍系紫外稳定剂，该光稳定剂牌号为Lowilite Q21。这种光稳定剂能降低聚乙烯的熔点，同时在聚乙烯中的分散性很好。可使长期暴露于恶劣气候以及各种杀虫剂的恶劣环境中持续使用几个季节。粉状镍粉光稳定剂这些年来由于其粉末能够导致过敏反应，加工处理工艺问题一直未得到解决。