Modeling diffraction in free-space optical interconnects by the mode expansion method

Free-space optical interconnects (FSOIs), made up of dense arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, photodetectors and microlenses can be used for implementing high-speed and high-density communication links, and hence replace the inferior electrical interconnects. A major concern in the design of FSOIs is minimization of the optical channel cross talk arising from laser beam diffraction. In this article we introduce modifications to the mode expansion method of Tanaka et al. [IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-20, 749 (1972)] to make it an efficient tool for modelling and design of FSOIs in the presence of diffraction. We demonstrate that our modified mode expansion method has accuracy similar to the exact solution of the Huygens-Kirchhoff diffraction integral in cases of both weak and strong beam clipping, and that it is much more accurate than the existing approximations. The strength of the method is twofold: first, it is applicable in the region of pronounced diffraction (strong beam clipping) where all other approximations fail and, second, unlike the exact-solution method, it can be efficiently used for modelling diffraction on multiple apertures. These features make the mode expansion method useful for design and optimization of free-space architectures containing multiple optical elements inclusive of optical interconnects and optical clock distribution systems.     

Fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on solid-liquid extraction membranes

The potential of solid-liquid extraction fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy is evaluated for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. Octadecyl silica membranes are used with the dual purpose of sample preconcentration and solid substrate for spectroscopic measurements. 4.2 K fluorescence line narrowed spectra are directly recorded from the membrane with the aid of a fiber-optic probe. The experimental procedure is free from organic solvents and takes less than 5 min per sample. With 10 mL of water sample, the limits of detection are at the parts-per-billion level. Qualitative analysis is based on wavelength time matrices, which provide a unique format for compound identification based on spectral and lifetime data. The selectivity of this approach is demonstrated with the unambiguous determination of naphthalene in a heavily contaminated water sample.     

Variations in the compressive strength of dental cements stored in ionic or acidic solutions

The compressive strengths of various dental cements (a zinc polycarboxylate, a zinc phosphate, a glass-ionomer and two resin-modified glass ionomers, RMGICs) have been determined following storage in pure water, 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 20 mmol dm^–3 lactic acid solution for periods of time ranging from 24 h to 3 months. The glass-ionomer cement showed no differences between different storage solutions or at different storage times, whereas the zinc polycarboxylate, zinc phosphate and the resin-modified glass ionomer cements showed significant differences following storage in the solutions for 24 h compared with pure water. The zinc polycarboxylate cement was significantly weaker at 24 h in 0.9% NaCl and lactic acid than in pure water, whereas most of the other cements were significantly stronger in both 0.9% NaCl and lactic acid. One of the RMGICs (Vitremer luting, ex. 3M), however, was significantly stronger only in the NaCl solution, not in the lactic acid. In general, by 1 week, the strengths all reverted to being essentially the same as for specimens stored in pure water for most subsequent storage times, and did not change significantly on storage for up to 3 months. This effect of storage medium on the early strength has not been reported previously and since the media were chosen to model certain characteristics of natural saliva, the changes observed seem likely to occur in vivo. It is concluded that pure water is not the best medium for storing these cements if they are to behave as they do under clinical conditions. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Desorption-ionization mass spectrometry using deposited nanostructured silicon films

We present a method for desorption ionization on silicon based on novel column/void-network-deposited silicon thin films. A number of different peptides and proteins in the < or = 6000 Daltons range are analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry in this demonstration of our approach. A variety of sample preparation conditions, including the use of chemical additives, surface treatments, and sample purification are used to show the potential of mass analysis using deposited column/void-network silicon films for high throughput proteomic screening.     

Joint transform optical correlator designed and analyzed by use of two- and one-dimensional hilbert transforms

Novel real-time joint transform, Hilbert transform optical correlators are proposed in which only a half or a quarter of the Fourier plane is written onto an optically addressable spatial light modulator. A point source is used to recover the result for the whole plane. As a result, images with a two- or four-times larger space-bandwidth product can be matched in amplitude and phase. The effect of truncating the transform plane is explained with two- and one-dimensional Hilbert transform analysis. Results of computer simulation are shown.     

Three-dimensional confocal microscopy of colloids

Confocal microscopy is used in the study of colloidal gels, glasses, and binary fluids. We measure the three-dimensional positions of colloidal particles with a precision of approximately 50 nm (a small fraction of each particle's radius) and with a time resolution sufficient for tracking the thermal motions of several thousand particles at once. This information allows us to characterize the structure and the dynamics of these materials in qualitatively new ways, for example, by quantifying the topology of chains and clusters of particles as well as by measuring the spatial correlations between particles with high mobilities. We describe our experimental technique and describe measurements that complement the results of light scattering.     

自动数据采集在电池行业中的应用

固定资产管理工作对于避免资产流失、提高资产利用效率,有重大意义。目前,条码技术是自动识别技术在固定资产管理中应用的重点。我们组织了两篇有关自动识别技术在固定资产管理工作中应用的案例,供读者参考、借鉴。     

一种Ad Hoc网络的多路径路由算法

针对移动Ad Hoc网络,研究了一种多路径的路由算法。该算法是在AODV算法基础上建立起来的,有效地利用了AODV算法中中间节点接收到的重复的RREP建立起多路径的路由,其优点是当一条链路失败时,节点可以从后备链路中选取一条而不会影响到其他的链路通信。并且当路由发生断裂后,该算法可以尽可能地进行本地修复,以保证多路径的数据通信。仿真结果表明建议的路由算法在路由延迟等方面比现有的AODV路由算法有更好的性能。     

辣椒籽中抗氧化成分的提取及抗氧化性能的研究

以辣椒籽为原料,研究了原料的预处理及不同溶剂对提取该物质中的抗氧化成分的影响及效果,发现将原料脱脂处理及用甲醇为溶剂进行提取效果最好.在此基础上,以温度、时间、料液比、甲醇浓度为影响因素,以抗氧化剂的总量为评价指标,进行L16(44)正交实验,得到辣椒籽中抗氧化成分最佳提取工艺条件为:温度45℃,浓度70%,料液比1∶3(m/V),提取时间1h.本研究还用薄层分析和紫外分析确证甲醇不溶物为有效抗氧化成分,并对猪油的抗氧化性能进行比较研究.