系统集成项目之接口管理

接口管理是系统集成项目管理的关键。本文从系统集成概念谈起，分析了系统集成项目管理中接口管理难点，提出了解决办法。     

Investigation of the levels of N(τ)-Methylhistidine in a range of beef cuts and offals

Protein-bound N(τ)-methylhistidine (N-MeHis) has been suggested as an index for the estimation of muscle (meat) protein in meat and meat products. This paper examines the levels of N-MeHis in a range of six prime beef cuts together with beef flank, cheek, mechanically recovered meat (MRM) and offals. The study was undertaken by two separate laboratories using a previously reported HPLC procedure involving the conversion of N-MeHis to a fluorescent derivative. It is shown that, whilst similar N-MeHis levels are present in the prime cuts, there is considerable variation in those found in the other cuts and offals. The average N-MeHis level in six prime cuts observed at both laboratories is 122 μg/g fat-free connective tissue-free (FFCF) meat; however, flank exhibits apparently high N-MeHis levels, whilst cheek and MRM contain only approximately 70% of the level found in the prime cuts. The offals contain between 0 and 65% of the N-MeHis level found in prime cuts. The greater variability and the often lower value of the N-MeHis content of these legitimate meat materials preclude the establishment of a single realistic index for FFCF beef, and present fundamental problems for the assessment of the lean meat content of manufactured beef products by N-MeHis determination.     

用丝束电极研究混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的不均匀性

用8×8阵列丝束电极模拟研究了混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀.将混凝土试样浸泡在10 %NaCl溶液中,通过测量铁丝束电极的自腐蚀电位和极化电阻,获得了在相同埋置深度和不同埋置深度时,铁丝腐蚀的电位、极化电阻和腐蚀速度分布等信息,研究了混凝土结构和氯离子浓度对它们的影响.结果表明,混凝土中铁丝腐蚀不均匀.自腐蚀电位和极化电阻较分散,电位随时间负移、极化电阻变小,丝束之间的电位差增大.随铁丝埋入深度增加,电位负移量、氯离子浓度和腐蚀速度都减小、极化电阻增加     

钨丝／Zr基金属玻璃复合材料的界面反应与扩散

采用渗流铸造工艺制备了钨丝增强不同Nb含量的Zr基金属玻璃复合材料，利用X-Ray衍射、扫描电镜以及电子探针考察了复合材料界面反应和界面扩散情况，研究了基体合金中的Nb含量对复合材料界面反应和界面扩散的影响。结果表明：对Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30基复合材料，渗流时，钨丝与液相中的Zr发生界面包晶反应，生成W5Zr3界面相，并使界面位置向液相方向移动。在Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30合金的基础上添加Nb，发现Nb优先在钨丝界面偏聚，降低了Zr在钨丝界面的偏聚和活度，抑制钨丝与液相中的Zr包晶反应的发生，没有生成W5Zr3界面相，界面处只存在简单的扩散层。同时发现Zr元素在钨丝中的扩散系数降低，此时界面位置向钨丝方向移动。     

9SiCr钢中的筐篮编结状马氏体及其性能

将9SiCr钢的粒状原始组织改变为片状,再经830℃淬火后,其马氏体形态为筐篮编结状。而传统工艺所获得的马氏体形态为针状.这种筐篮编结状马氏体是9SiCr钢中一种崭新的组织形态,其精细结构为平行成束的板条。亚结构为高密度缠结位错.它有良好的综合机械性能,强韧性高,耐磨性高。     

水溶液中艾氏剂的TiO2催化光致分解

水溶液中有机氯农药艾氏剂在TiO_2催化作用下能发生光致分解(氙灯光源,波长大于320纳米,辐射通量为600mW厘米~(-2))。其光解产物为CO_2、HCl和其他未知产物,而非狄氏剂,狄氏剂本身也能发生TiO_2催化光致分解。本文还试验了利用太阳光光解艾氏剂的可能性。     

一种改进的动态核主元分析故障检测方法

针对复杂工业系统动态非线性故障检测过程精度低和计算量大的问题,提出了一种改进的动态核主元分析故障检测方法，该方法首先利用不可区分度剔除相关程度较小或者不相关变量,减少数据量，然后通过观测值扩展对筛选后的新数据构建增广矩阵，并对矩阵使用核主元分析提取变量数据的非线性空间相关特征，最后通过监测T ²和SPE 两种统计量诊断出系统发生故障及识别故障变量。仿真实验证明，该方法能对风力发电机故障进行有效监测和诊断，与KPCA方法相比，改进的动态核主元分析方法对微小故障更为敏感。     

220t/h煤粉锅炉臭氧氧化NOx超低排放试验研究

近年来,国家对于环境保护的要求愈发严苛,煤电行业节能减排任务愈加艰巨,燃煤电厂的超低排放改造工作迫在眉睫。笔者针对3台220 t/h煤粉锅炉NO_x进行臭氧脱硝改造和脱硝试验研究,采用烟气分析仪及电厂在线检测系统,探究了O_3/NO摩尔比及NO_x初始浓度等对脱硝效果的影响。试验结果表明,活性分子臭氧脱硝技术对该煤粉炉锅炉具有较好的脱硝效果,NO_x脱除效率可达90%以上。锅炉出口NO_x浓度随锅炉负荷波动较大,呈正相关关系,锅炉负荷升高,出口NO_x浓度升高;锅炉负荷降低,出口NO_x浓度随之降低。臭氧脱硝效率随O_3/NO摩尔比和臭氧投加量的增加而增大,但当O_3/NO摩尔比超过一定值后,其增大速率随臭氧量的增加而逐渐变缓。臭氧脱硝技术中脱硝效率受NO_x初始浓度的影响较小,O_3/NO摩尔比达到一定量时,可保证不同NO_x初始浓度波动下的脱硝效率。本试验获得的特性曲线为臭氧脱硝技术最佳臭氧喷射量的确定提供了依据,即在保证脱硝效率的前提下,如何选择最佳的O_3/NO摩尔比。应用臭氧脱硝技术后,该电厂顺利通过了168 h测试,烟气排放中NO_x浓度稳定在50 mg/Nm~3以下,满足国家超低排放要求,可见采用活性分子臭氧对烟气中的NO_x具有良好的脱除效果。     

A modified consensus approach to mutagenesis inverts the cofactor specificity of Bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is specific for NAD+. There have been several attempts to alter the cofactor specificity of this enzyme, but these have yielded enzymes with relatively low activities that still largely prefer NAD+. A modified consensus approach was used to create a library of phylogenetically preferred amino acids situated near the cofactor binding site, and variants were screened for their ability to utilize NMN+. A triple mutant (Mut31) was discovered that proved to be more catalytically efficient than wild-type. Mut31 was also better at utilizing NAD+ than the wild-type enzyme and was weakly active with NADP+ and NMN+. An analysis of single amino acid substitutions suggested that all three mutations worked in a concerted fashion to yield robust cofactor utilization. When two previously identified amino acid substitutions were introduced into the Mut31 background, the resultant quintuply substituted enzyme not only utilized NADP+ far better than the wild-type enzyme, it actually inverted its preference for NAD+ and NADP+.