PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO DOUBLE-HEADED TRITICALE ISOINHIBITORS OF ENDOGENOUS ALPHA-AMYLASE AND SUBTITLISIN1

Two double-headed isoinhibitors of endogenous alpha-amylase and subtilisin have been purified from triticale by immobilized copper affinity chromatography followed by S-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing on a sucrose density gradient ampholyte column. The inhibitors had isoelectric points at pH 7.25 and 6.95, and were present in triticale grains in approximately equal amounts. Both proteins, designated inhibitor 7.25 and inhibitor 6.95, have been purified to homogeneity as assessed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) at pH 8.3. They also showed approximately 90% purity as determined by size exclusion limit FPLC. Their properties were similar to the endogenous alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitors found in wheat and barley, since they were active against cereal alpha-amylases and subtilisin and they were inactive against salivary and bacterial alpha-amylases as well as against trypsin. Apparent MW of both inhibitors was 20 kilodaltons as estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE under reducing conditions. No carbohydrate was detected in isoinhibitor preparations. The triticale alpha-amylase-triticale inhibitor systems studied revealed a mixed type of inhibition with apparent dissociation constant (Ki) values of 6.2 and 5.8 nM for the inhibitor 7.25 and inhibitor 6.95, respectively.     

ATTITUDES INFERRED FROM NEUTRAL VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS.

THE DIMENSION OF IMMEDIACY IN VERBAL COMMUNICATION QUANTIFIES DEGREE OF THE INTENSITY AND DIRECTNESS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A COMMUNICATOR AND THE OBJECT OF HIS COMMUNICATION. A PREVIOUS STUDY INDICATES THAT THERE IS MORE IMMEDIACY IN COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT LIKED OTHERS THAN ABOUT DISLIKED OTHERS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY SS, WHO WERE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE EXPLICIT IMMEDIACY CATEGORIES AND ASSOCIATED INFERENCES ABOUT ATTITUDES, WERE PRESENTED WITH PAIRS OF COMMUNICATIONS DIFFERING IN DEGREE OF IMMEDIACY, BUT NEUTRAL IN EXPLICIT COMMUNICATION OF ATTITUDES. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT IN THE CASE OF OSTENSIBLY NEUTRAL COMMUNICATIONS THE MORE IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION IN EACH PAIR WOULD BE JUDGED AS INDICATING A MORE POSITIVE QUALITY OF COMMUNICATOR ATTITUDE. THE PREDICTION WAS CONFIRMED IN 6 OF THE 7 IMMEDIACY CATEGORIES INVESTIGATED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Castables

Thermal conductivity measurements were made on various refractory castabales of both dense fireclay and high-alumina types as well as on several insulating castables. These tests, covering mean specimen temperatures of 200° to 2000°F, indicated how the thermal conductivity of a castable material varies with thermal history. The measurements were made using a modified ASTM C 201–47 apparatus.     

SHOULD SOME PEOPLE BE LABELED MENTALLY ILL?

CONSIDERS WHETHER IT IS PROPER TO LABEL SOME PEOPLE MENTALLY ILL IN VIEW OF THE SOCIAL DISCRIMINATIONS, SELF-DENIGRATION, INTERFERENCE WITH TREATMENT, IMPEDING OF SOCIAL PROGRESS, AND UNSCIENTIFIC CLOSE-MINDEDNESS WHICH MAY ENSUE WHEN THIS KIND OF LABELING IS EMPLOYED. IF SUCH TERMS AS "MENTAL ILLNESS" ARE OPERATIONALLY DEFINED AND IF THE INDIVIDUALS SO DESCRIBED ARE NOT NEGATIVELY EVALUATED AS PERSONS, IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO EMPLOY THESE TERMS SCIENTIFICALLY AND USEFULLY. (42 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dyes Containing Aliphatic Amino End Groups: An Approach to Reactive Dyes for Polyester Fibre via Transamidation

The synthesis and characterization of a number of 3–[N–(3′–aminopropyl)carboxamido]–4–arylazopyrazolone dyes is described. Under Thermosol dyeing conditions, a certain amount of covalent bonding occurs between the dyes and polyester fibre via transamidation.     

Compositional mapping of bitumen using local electrostatic force interactions in atomic force microscopy

In recent years, many researchers have investigated bitumen surface morphology, especially the so‐called bee‐like structures, in an attempt to relate the chemical composition and molecular conformation to bitumen micromechanics and ultimately performance properties. Even though recent studies related surface morphology and its evolution to stiffness and stress localization, the complex chemical nature of bitumen and its time‐ and temperature‐dependent properties still engender significant questions about the nature and origin of the observed morphological features and how they evolve due to exposure to various environmental and loading conditions. One such question is whether the observed surface features are formed from wax or from the coprecipitation of wax and asphaltene. Our prior work was mainly theoretical; it used density functional theory and showed that the coprecipitation theory may not stand, mainly because wax–asphaltene interactions are not thermodynamically favourable compared to wax–wax interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive approach based on experiments to study surface morphology of bitumen and conduct compositional mapping to shed light on the origin of the bee‐like surface morphological features. We used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), with the main focus being on single‐pass detection and mapping of local electric properties, as a novel approach to enhance existing compositional mapping techniques. This method was found to be highly effective in differentiating various domains with respect to their polarity. The results of our study favour the hypothesis that the bee‐like features are mainly composed of wax, including a variety of alkanes.     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CLOUDY AND CLARIFIED JUICE OF MALUS FLORIBUNDA AS A FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE

The rheological behaviour of cloudy and clarified juice of Malus floribunda was studied as a function of solid concentration, in a range of 45–70 Brix, at nine temperatures (5–50C). Cloudy and clarified juices are slightly thixotropic at 65–70 Brix and 5–10C. At lower concentrations and higher temperatures the thixotropy is low and can easily be eliminated by shearing. The power law model was applied to fit the pseudoplastic behaviour depending on the concentration level. Cloudy juice has pseudoplastic behaviour for concentrations higher than 45 Brix. Clarified juice is pseudoplastic at 65 Brix for temperatures lower than 25C and Newtonian at higher temperatures and for solid concentrations lower than 60 Brix. The activation energy for flow evaluated with the Arrhenius-Guzman equation, increases with solid concentration and ranged from 10.8 to 3.45 kcal gmol⁻¹ for cloudy juice and 15.3 to 7.9 kcal gmol⁻¹ for clarified juice. A nonlinear correlation accounting for temperature and concentration effects on the consistency coefficient was identified.     

A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO ON-LINE IDENTIFICATION OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

Research investigating neural identification of dynamic systems has concentrated on off-line techniques. To be suitable for adaptive process control, on-line algorithms must be developed. This study investigates a modified back-propagation technique to achieve practical on-line capability. A technique denoted history-stack enhancement greatly improves the identification performance of the neural network. As a demonstration, a composite system of formidable but realistic nonlinear components was constructed and used to compare identification techniques including a recursive linear estimator and die new neural method. The results show that on-line neural identification is feasible for a wide range of formidable nonlinear characteristics individually found in industrial processes. Although performance is slower than with linear identification, the asymptotic accuracy of the neural technique is better for the nonlinear system being identified.