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991.
992.
Boon‐Seang Chu Sosaku Ichikawa Sumiyo Kanafusa Mitsutoshi Nakajima 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(10):1764-1769
BACKGROUND: Milk proteins are used in a wide range of formulated food emulsions. The stability of food emulsions depends on their ingredients and processing conditions. In this work, β‐carotene nanodispersions were prepared with selected milk‐protein products using solvent‐displacement method. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of these nanodispersions against heating, salts and pH. RESULTS: Sodium caseinate (SC)‐stabilised nanodispersions possessed the smallest mean particle size of 17 nm, while those prepared with whey‐protein products resulted in larger mean particle sizes (45–127 nm). Formation of large particles (mean particle size of 300 nm) started after 1 h of heating at 60 °C in nanodispersions prepared with SC. More drastic particle size changes were observed in nanodispersions prepared with whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate. The SC‐stabilised nanodispersions were fairly stable against Na+ ions at concentrations below 100 mmol L?1, but drastic aggregation occurred in ≥ 50 mmol L?1 CaCl2 solutions. Aggregation was also observed in whey protein‐stabilised nanodispersions after the addition of NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. All sample exhibited the smallest mean particle size at neutral pH, but large aggregates were formed at both ends of extreme pH and at pH around the isoelectric point of the proteins. CONCLUSION: The nanodispersions prepared with SC were generally more stable against thermal processing, ionic strength and pH, compared to those prepared with whey proteins. The stable β‐carotene nanodispersions showed a good potential for industrial applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
993.
Cristian Jiménez‐Martínez Humberto Hernández‐Sánchez Gloria Dávila‐Ortiz 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(7):1315-1322
Lupinus, like Glycine max (soybean), is an ancient leguminous plant. It has been used as a food by people living around the Mediterranean Sea and in the Andean Highlands. This legume contains quinolizidine alkaloids (Qas), oligosaccharides (OGS) and phenolic compounds (PC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus on the levels of Qas, OGS and PC from L. mutabilis, L. campestris and G. max through tempeh elaboration. The results showed that the soaking and cooking processes of legume seeds diminished the Qas content of L. mutabilis and L. campestris by 50%, and after 48 h of fermentation these compounds decreased by more than 90% in total. OGS diminished by more than 90% in the lupin seeds. The PC content of the three seed species subjected to these processes increased their absorbance value, probably due to the enzymatic action of a fungal tannase. These results suggested that the L. mutabilis, L. campestris and G. max fermentation with R. oligosporus is an efficient method for diminishing antinutritional factors and for obtaining a product with optimal nutritional value. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
994.
Jean‐Michel Savoie Nathalie Minvielle Michèle L Largeteau 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(6):970-975
BACKGROUND: Agaricus bisporus is the premier cultivated edible mushroom but is usually considered to be of lesser value nutritionally and medicinally compared with other cultivated mushrooms. The objective of this study was to investigate the radical‐scavenging properties of methanolic extracts and the free radical‐processing enzyme activities of water extracts from A. bisporus fruit bodies. Analyses were performed on total fruit bodies from three strains and on separated stipe, cap and gills from one strain, all cultivated experimentally under the same conditions. RESULTS: EC50 values of scavenging ability on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH?), scavenging ability on 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cations (ABTS?+) and reducing power of methanolic extracts from total fruit bodies ranged between 1.7 and 5.0 and were 1.1–1.9 times higher in a white hybrid than in two wild strains, cream and brown. The gills exhibited higher antioxidant activities relative to the stipe and cap. In water extracts, glutathione peroxidase activities were up to eight times higher than glutathione reductase activities and no difference was observed between strains. Catalase activity was highest in the brown wild strain. The only significant differences in free radical‐processing enzymes between the three parts of the mushroom were higher catalase activity in the gills and lower glutathione reductase activity in the stipe. CONCLUSION: The radical‐scavenging properties of the button mushroom are comparable to those of other edible mushrooms and dependent on the strain and on the section of the fruit body. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
995.
Hani Hafeeza Halim Elfy Williams Dee Mohd Sabri Pak Dek Azizah Abdul Hamid Ahmad Ngalim Nazamid Saari 《International Journal of Food Properties》2018,21(1):2378-2389
The present work aimed to compare the main ergogenic attributes of two commercialized stages (young and mature) of coconut water (CW) obtained from four coconut varieties. The changes of electrolytes and sugars in CW upon maturation were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Based on the electrolyte profiling, potassium yielded the highest amount (ranging from 237.41 to 361.20 mg/100 mL) followed by sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, and zinc across all the maturity stages tested. For sugars, there were lower amounts of fructose and glucose, but a higher amount of sucrose with the maturation of the fruits. In conclusion, the amount of beneficial nutrients in the form of sugars and minerals was higher than that of young CW, and the ergogenic attributes of mature CW especially from MATAG variety (M-MATAG) were the best to be exploited further in the development of natural energy drinks. 相似文献
996.
Optimization of low pressure chemical vapour deposition reactors using hybrid differential evolution
In this study, hybrid differential evolution (HDE) was applied to solve four low‐pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) reactor optimal design problems. The mathematical model for this reactor is described using a two‐point boundary value differential‐algebraic equation (TPBVP‐DAE) problem. HDE is not only applied to solve the optimization problems but also to obtain the solution to TPBVP‐DAE. Under this situation, the HDE subroutine should call itself to evaluate the optimal solution to the optimization problem and the solution to TPBVP‐DAE. In this study, Fortran 90 was used to implement the HDE subroutine to achieve the calling itself requirement. The recursive HDE subroutine can be efficiently applied to solve the four LPCVD reactor optimal design problems. From the computational results, we observed that the combined optimal design obtain the smallest axial uniformity variation. Furthermore, test function maximization problems were used to compare the performance of the HDE with other methods. 相似文献
997.
Safety Evaluation of Green Tea Polyphenols Consumption in Middle‐aged Ovariectomized Rat Model 下载免费PDF全文
Chwan‐Li Shen Gordon Brackee Xiao Song Michael D. Tomison VelvetLee Finckbone Kelly T. Mitchell Lili Tang Ming‐Chien Chyu Dale M. Dunn Jia‐Sheng Wang 《Journal of food science》2017,82(9):2192-2205
This work evaluates chronic safety in middle‐aged ovariectomized rats supplemented with different dosages of green tea polyphenols (GTP) in drinking water. The experiment used 6‐mo‐old sham (n = 39) and ovariectomized (OVX, n = 143) female rats. All sham (n = 39) and 39 of the OVX animals received no GTP treatment and their samples were collected for outcome measures at baseline, 3 mo, and 6 mo (n = 13 per group for each). The remaining OVX animals were randomized into 4 groups receiving 0.15%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (n = 26 for each) of GTP (wt/vol), respectively, in drinking water for 3 and 6 mo. No mortality or abnormal treatment‐related findings in clinical observations or ophthalmologic examinations were noted. No treatment‐related macroscopic or microscopic findings were noted for animals administered 1.5% GTP supplementation. Throughout the study, there was no difference in the body weight among all OVX groups. In all OVX groups, feed intake and water consumption significantly decreased with GTP dose throughout the study period. At 6 mo, GTP intake did not affect hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis, except for phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen (increased), total cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, and urine pH (decreased). This study reveals that the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) of GTP is 1.5% (wt/vol) in drinking water, the highest dose used in this study. 相似文献
998.
Lisa J. Lobree In‐Chul Hwang Jeffrey A. Reimer Alexis T. Bell 《Catalysis Letters》1999,63(3-4):233-240
The interactions of NO, O2 and NO2 with Fe‐ZSM‐5, as well as the reduction of NO by C3H8 in the presence of O2, have been investigated using in situ infrared spectroscopy. The sample of Fe‐ZSM‐5 (Fe/Al =0.56) was prepared by solid‐state
ion exchange. NO adsorption in the absence of O2 produces only mono‐ and dinitrosyl species associated with Fe2+ cations. Adsorbed NO2/NO3 species are formed via the reaction of adsorbed O2 with gas‐phase NO or by the adsorption of gas‐phase NO2. The reduction of NO in the presence of O2 begins with the reaction of gas‐phase C3H8 with adsorbed NO2/NO3 species to form a nitrogen‐containing polymeric species. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reduction of NO
by C3H8 in the presence of O2.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
999.
Michael H. Gordon Ibrahim Abdul Rahman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(8):574-576
The effect of various processing procedures on the composition and oxidative stability of coconut oil has been studied. The
crude oil is relatively stable but major reductions in oxidative stability occur during the bleaching of oil degummed with
phosphoric acid; during alkali refining; during the deodorization of oil degummed with citric acid and bleached; and during
the deodorization of oil processed with a combined phosphoric acid degumming and bleaching operation. The reasons for the
loss of oxidative stability during processing are discussed with reference to changes in the composition of the oil. Residual
traces of citric acid or phosphoric acid play an important role in stabilizing processed oils. The tocopherol content is also
important, although no additional stabilization of the oil occurs on adding levels of tocopherol above those present naturally
in the crude oil. A combined phosphoric acid degumming and bleaching process leads to smaller losses of tocopherols than sequential
treatments. 相似文献
1000.
Yew Joon Tam Morvarid Akhavan Rezaei Mohd Lila Mohd Azmi Abdul Rani Bahaman Sewn Cen Lo 《分离科学与技术》2016,51(5):816-829
Univariate screening on factors affecting the purification performance of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the establishment of a two-step purification strategy were performed. Amongst four IEC adsorbents examined, the use of Q Sepharose XL IEC adsorbent under optimized conditions together with optimized SEC purification was able to efficiently purify HBsAg. An established purification strategy comprising the two techniques further demonstrated adaptability for scale-up operations with a final total purification factor (PF) of 94.82 ± 16.20, HBsAg purity of 95.48% and recovery yield of 78.07%. 相似文献