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201.
K. Remananda Rao 《加拿大化工杂志》1993,71(5):685-688
A unique characteristic linear dimension (d), defined as the cube root of the specific liquid holdup (hsp) in the packed column, was used to correlate successfully the liquid film mass transfer coefficient kLa for gas absorption-desorption for sparingly soluble gases in liquids below loading. To produce this simple, dimensionless correlation, kLa data reported in literature were used, covering a wide range of physical properties of liquids, packings and operating conditions. This new approach showed operating holdup as an important factor in gas liquid mass transfer. 相似文献
202.
Wire coating extrusion was studied, both experimentally and theoretically, using a pressure-type die. For the experimental study, a wire coating apparatus of laboratory scale was constructed, consisting of a pay-off device, extruder, cross-head and pressure-type die, cooling trough, and take-up device. The materials used were low- and high-density polyethylenes and thermoplastic rubber. The following measurements were taken during the experiments: (1) the axial pressure profiles in the die, (2) melt flow rate, and (3) take-up speed. The measurements were then used to determine the effect of the rheological properties of the polymers on the performance of the wire coating operation. It was found that a reduction in axial pressure gradient and a reduction in the recoverable elastic strain of a molten polymer at the die exit can be realized as the speed of the wire is increased. For the theoretical study, using a power-law model, the equations of motion were solved numerically to predict the volumetric flow rate as functions of the pressure gradient in the die and the rheological properties of the polymer being extruded. Solution of the system equations permitted us to predict the velocity profile and shear stress distributions of a molten polymer inside a pressure-type wire coating die. 相似文献
203.
204.
P. Madhusudhan Rao M.V. Landau A. Wolfson A.M. Shapira-Tchelet M. Herskowitz 《Microporous and mesoporous materials》2005,80(1-3):43-55
The Cs-salt of heteropolyacid with stoichiometry Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (CsHPW) was deposited selectively at the external surface of the SBA-15 silica microcrystals, inside its mesoporous channels and simultaneously at both location modes. The structure, texture and performance of these CsHPW/SBA-15 composites were compared with that of a reference bulk salt of the same composition. Location of CsHPW salt on the external surface of SBA-15 microcrystals leads to disintegration of its agglomerates increasing acidity of the catalytic phase. A novel preparation strategy consisting of grafting the basic Cs-species at the internal pores surface of SBA-15 stabilized the CsHPW phase inside the channels in form of 5–8 nm nanocrystals at 30–70 wt.% loadings. The catalytic tests demonstrated that insertion of the CsHPW catalytic phase inside the nanotubular channels of SBA-15 in combination with location of an additional amount of this phase at the external surface of SBA-15 microcrystals allows to increase the specific activity of this phase in MTBE synthesis, propionylation of anisole and alkylation of catechol with t-butanol by a factor of 1.5–3. This level of specific activity in combination with high total loading of catalytic phase >60 wt.% permit to get composite catalytic materials with catalytic activity higher by a factor of 1.2–1.5 with respect to the bulk CsHPW catalyst and stabilizing the catalytic phase against colloidization in polar media. 相似文献
205.
Preparation and surface- active properties of polyoxyethylene-glycol (600) monoesters of fatty acids
T. Chandrasekhara Rao Y. Sita Rama Sastry R. Subbarao Gollamudi Lakshminarayana 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1977,54(1):15-16
Polyoxyethyleneglycol (PEG-600) monoesters of undecylenic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic and 12-hydroxystearic
acids were prepared in 80-85% yield by reacting PEG with boric acid, esterifying the resultant borate with fatty acid, and
selectively hydrolyzing the borate ester; their surface active properties were evaluated. Increase in acyl chain length increased
the surface tension. The presence of a double bond or hydroxyl group in C18 series improved the wetting and emulsifying proper-ties. Unsaturation in the fatty acid chain reduced the foaming power. 相似文献
206.
介绍中石油宁夏石化分公司二化肥尿素装置的现状,拟采用二氧化碳汽提法对装置进行50%扩能改造,分析改造方案的可行性。 相似文献
207.
The characterization of carbon surface activity in the absence of gasification was attempted using oxygen isotope exchange in CO2 over spectroscopically pure natural graphite, the surface activity being characterized by the rate of approach to isotopic equilibrium. The probable mechanism of exchange is via the first step in the carbon-CO2 reaction, the dissociation of CO2 over a carbon free site: . Assuming this mechanism to hold for isotopic exchange, the theoretical rate equation was derived. The rate constants i1, and j1, were obtained from previous studies. Theoretical calculations show that the exchange rate is negligible over natural graphite at temperatures much below gasification conditions. Experimental verification of the theoretical analysis was not possible due to the activity of the quartz boat, holding the graphite, for catalyzing the exchange reaction. The exchange reaction was successfully followed over the Pt and CaO supported on a graphitized carbon black, in which case the activity was much, much greater than that ovgr the empty quartz boat. 相似文献
208.
The application of a low temperature ashing method for estimating total residual organic matter (toluene insolubles) in oil sands is described. A linear correlation exists between organic carbon content and loss on ignition at 400 ± 10 °C of solvent extracted oil sands. The ratio between total organic carbon and the weight loss on ignition (CT/LOl) owing to the removal of residual organic matter is much lower than that obtained for toluene soluble bitumen fractions, indicating very different chemical composition for the residual organic matter. The measured carbon content of the residual organic matter in oil sands suggests that this material could be a mixture of various fractions contained in resins, asphaltenes, asphaltic acids and humic acids. 相似文献
209.
Samples of three Indian coals, of widely differing origin and rank, were subjected to flash pyrolysis at a temperature of about 1150 °C for 30 s in vacuo, and under atmospheres of nitrogen, argon, ammonia, and perdeuterobenzene. The gaseous products of the pyrolyses were analysed by infra-red and mass spectroscopy and by gas chromatography. Observed variations in gas compositions are discussed relative to the possible mode of influence by the pyrolytic atmospheres. It would appear that the pyrolytic atmosphere is an important factor in determining the composition of the pyrolysis products; the influence of nitrogen, argon and perdeuterobenzene is a physical one, leading especially to higher yields of olefins. 相似文献
210.
For circulation in axi-symmetric (cylindrical) bubble columns, the recently developed mathematical model25,26 has been used along with the criterion of minimum circulation strength to determine the height of each circulation cell in a tall column. This is then used to derive a theoretical expression, first of its kind, for gas hold-up inside a bubble column. The predictions of this equation as well as the equation derived here for axial liquid velocity at column axis have been compared with available data and the comparison is found to be excellent for both the variables. An explicit relation is derived for the average liquid circulation velocity. The model is also used to derive an expression for liquid axial dispersion coefficient which compares almost exactly with Deckwer et al.'s4 correlation.
For circulation in two-dimensional bubble columns a new mathematical model is developed. The predictions of bubble envelope shape and bubble envelope area compare well with published data. The predictions of number of circulation cells in the horizontal direction also compare well with published data. 相似文献
For circulation in two-dimensional bubble columns a new mathematical model is developed. The predictions of bubble envelope shape and bubble envelope area compare well with published data. The predictions of number of circulation cells in the horizontal direction also compare well with published data. 相似文献