VERTICAL IMPINGING STREAMS AND SPOUTED BED DRYERS COMPARISON AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

A comparison made between spouted-bed and two-impinging-streams reactors proved the superiority of the-impinging-streams dryer The latter device exhibited, on the one hand, relatively small energy requirements for pumping the phases through the reactor and, on the other hand, improved drying characteristics Thus the two-imping-streams reactor is recommended as a useful device for drying operations     

Thought-induced attitude change: The effects of schema structure and commitment.

Conducted 4 studies with 218 undergraduates in an attempt to integrate hypotheses about the effects of thought and schema complexity on attitude polarization proposed by P. W. Linville (see record 1982-25791-001) and the 2nd author and C. Leone (see record 1978-09847-001). Linville's work showed that more extreme attitudes were associated with simpler cognitive schemas for construing the attitude object. The 2nd author and Leone demonstrated that thought with a complex schema resulted in greater attitude polarization than thought with a simple schema. Study 1 validated the present author's schema complexity manipulation. Study 2 tested and found support for the hypothesis that 1 moderating variable was motivational: The 2nd author and Leone's effect was obtained in the presence of commitment to an initial evaluation, and there was a tendency toward the Linville effect in the absence of commitment to an initial evaluation. Study 3 tested and found support for the hypothesis that another moderating variable was structural: The Linville effect was obtained when there was little correlation among the dimensions of the cognitive schema, and the 2nd author and Leone's effect was obtained when there was substantial correlation among the dimensions; thought tended to increase the correlation among dimensions. Study 4 tested and found support for the hypothesis that commitment affects cognitive structures in a way that could account for its moderating effect on attitude polarization. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reliability artifacts in comparable worth procedures.

Comparable worth principles suggest that regression line differences between male- and female-dominated jobs be examined where pay is regressed on job evaluation point values. It is demonstrated that unreliable job evaluation measures could artifactually produce regression line differences between male- and female-dominated jobs, even when no such bias exists. A. S. Goldberger's (1984) reverse regression and other procedures are examined as alternative methods of determining bias, and it is shown that linear structural relations procedures provide accurate and nonbiased estimates of wage discrimination in comparable worth analyses. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Synthesis of Vicinal Diacylamines via Bamberger Ring Cleavage of Substituted Imidazoles. 1,2,4-Triacylaminobutanes Bearing Different Acyl Groups

Bamberger ring cleavage acylation of N-p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) histamine followed by hydrogenation yields 3,4-diacylaminobutanetosylamine, a triamine containing groups with different chemical reactivities.     

Microfluidics structures for probing the dynamic behaviour of filamentous fungi

Although filamentous fungi live in physically and chemically complex natural environments that require optimal survival strategies, both at colony and individual cell level, their growth dynamics are usually studied on homogenous media. This study proposes a new research methodology based on the purposeful design, fabrication and operation of microfluidics structures to examine the temporal and spatial responses of filamentous fungi. Two model fungal strains, the wild type of Neurospora crassa – a commonly used model organisms – and the ro-1 mutant strain of this species impaired in hyphal growth and morphology, have been chosen to demonstrate the potential of this new methodology. Time-lapse observations of both species show that filamentous fungi respond rapidly to the physically microstructured environment without any detectable temporal or spatial adjustment period. Despite their genetic differences, and consequently different growth behaviour, both strains present efficient space-search strategies enabling them to solve the microsized networks successfully and in similar periods, thus demonstrating that the space-searching algorithms are robust and mutation-independent. Additionally, the use of the proposed methodology could put in evidence new biological mechanisms responsible for the apical extension of filamentous fungi, beyond the classical theory based on the central role of Spitzenkörper.