A design and implementation of fully programmable switched-currentIIR filters

An approach to switched-current filter design based on digital multiply-accumulator and delay blocks is presented. The characteristics of the filter are made fully programmable by simply changing the ratios of the coefficient transistors. To reduce the effect of switch charge injection and channel-length modulation, a high-performance, single-ended differential, switched-current memory cell is developed and used as a basic building block. To reduce the chip area and to maintain the required accuracy of the coefficients, an array consisting of three different sizes of transistors is designed instead of using a unit transistor array as coefficient transistors. An experimental prototype infinite impulse response filter array consisting of six second-order switched-current sections is designed and fabricated with a standard 1.2-μ CMOS process technology. A hard-wiring technique is used to program the filters. The test results show that the characteristics of the filters satisfy the design requirements     

Microstructure-Property Relations of Hot-Pressed Silicon Carbide-Aluminum Nitride Compositions at Room and Elevated Temperatures

A series of SiC-AlN compositions of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 mol% AlN were hot pressed at 2100°C for a 1 h soak at a pressure of 35 MPa under vacuum. 2H-wurtzite SiC-AlN solid-solution structures were formed for compositions with 25-100 mol% AlN. The associated lattice parameters for these solid solutions followed Vegard's law. The microstructures varied with composition; the number of needlelike grains decreased for compositions up to 25 mol% AlN and the amount of equiaxed grains increased for compositions with 25–100 mol% AlN. Densities for all the specimens were >99% of the theoretical density. Coefficients of thermal expansion varied from 4.80 × 10^-6/°C to 6.25 × 10^-6/°C in the 20°-1400°C range. Young's moduli varied from 451 GPa to 320 GPa at room temperature (RT) and retained 98%, 96%, and 94% of their RT values at 500°, 1000°, and 1250°C, respectively. These three properties correlated linearly with composition. RT microhardness varied from 21.6 GPa to 11.2 GPa and correlated linearly with composition within the solid-solution range. Flexural strengths increased from 487 MPa to 604 MPa from 0 mol% AlN to 25 mol% AlN and then decreased to 284 MPa for 100 mol% AlN. At 1250°C, flexural strengths decreased from 90% to 65% of the RT values. Fracture toughness increased from 3.6 MPa·m^1/2 to 4.2 MPa·m^1/2 from 0 mol% AlN to 10 mol% AlN and then decreased to 2.5 MPa·m^1/2 for 100 mol% AlN.     

Formation and decay of neutron—deficient nuclei Po and Pb

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A hybrid discontinuous spectral element method and filtered mass density function solver for turbulent reacting flows

Abstract

We present a novel hybrid scheme for the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent reacting flows. The scheme couples the discontinuous spectral element method (DSEM) solver for the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a Monte Carlo particle filtered mass density function (FMDF) solver for the transport of reacting species. The method is capable of high-order simulations on unstructured grids. Mean particle estimate construction mimics the DSEM numerical procedure and utilizes variable basis functions. The scheme is tested on non-reacting and reacting Taylor-Green vortex flows. Studies of varying polynomial order, different basis functions for constructing particle estimates, and varying particle quantities are conducted. We demonstrate that a tent kernel, in conjunction with high polynomial order, produces the most accurate results. The chemically reacting simulations validate the hybrid scheme and demonstrate its applicability across a range of reaction regimes. The hybrid scheme's computational cost is 2.1 times the DSEM-LES solver.     

Analysis of nonlinear thermal radiation and higher‐order chemical reactions on the non‐orthogonal stagnation point flow over a lubricated surface

A numerical study is performed to discuss the heat and mass transfer on oblique stagnation point flow over a lubricated surface with nonlinear thermal radiation and higher‐order chemical reactions. The problem is formulated using basic conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and mass concentration in terms of partial differential equations along with nonlinear boundary conditions. These governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. The system of resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller–box method. The quantities elaborated in the problem, such as velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are analyzed for several values of involved parameters. The obtained results are presented through various graphs and tabular data and showed a good agreement with the existing results in the literature, which are the subcases of the present work. The heat transfer rate enhances with nonlinear thermal radiation and mass transfer rate decreases with increasing the order of chemical reaction.     

Numerical studies on heat and fluid flow of nanofluid in a partially heated vertical annulus

A numerical investigation on natural convective heat transfer of nanofluid (Al₂O₃+water) inside a partially heated vertical annulus of high aspect ratio (352) has been carried out. The computational fluid dynamics solver Ansys Fluent is used for simulation and results are presented for various volume fraction of nanoparticles (0‐0.04) at different heat flux values (3‐12 kW/m²). Two well‐known correlations for evaluating thermal conductivity and viscosity have been used. Thus different combinations of the available correlations have been set to form four models (I, II, III, and IV). Therefore, a detailed analysis has been executed to identify effects of thermophysical properties on heat transfer and fluid flow of nanofluids using different models. The results show enhancement in heat transfer coefficient with volume fraction of nanoparticles. Highest enhancement achieved is found to be 14.17% based on model III, while the minimum is around 7.27% based on model II. Dispersion of nanoparticles in base fluid declines the Nusselt number and Reynolds number with different rates depending on various models. A generalized correlation is proposed for Nusselt number of nanofluids in the annulus in terms of volume fraction of nanoparticles, Rayleigh number, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number.     

Actions of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating on bidirectional flow of a magneto-Prandtl nanofluid with prescribed heat and mass fluxes

The present contribution determines the impacts of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating with magnetic coating on Prandtl nanofluid flow driven by an unsteady bidirectionally moveable surface. Random motion of nanoparticles and thermophoretic diffusion are elaborated through a two-phase nanofluid model. The novelty of the investigation is fortified by prescribed heat flux and prescribed mass flux mechanisms. The appropriate combination of variables leads to a system of strong nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The formulated nonlinear system is then tackled by an efficient numerical scheme, namely, the Keller–Box method. Nanoliquid-temperature and mass-concentration distributions are conferred through various plots with the impacts of miscellaneous-arising parameters. The rates of heat and mass transferences are also discussed through tables. The thermal states of the nanomaterial and mass concentration are reduced for incremental amounts of the unsteady factor, ratio parameter, elastic parameter, and Prandtl fluid parameter. Moreover, escalating amounts of the Brownian parameter, Eckert number, magnetic factor, and thermophoresis parameter enhances the temperature of the nanoliquid. An error analysis is also presented to predict the efficiency of the method used for the computational work.