Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of novel soluble porphyrazines bearing unsaturated functional groups

Metalloporphyrazines with a 2-methyl-2-pentenyl group fused to each pyrrole unit were synthesized starting with the corresponding unsaturated dicarbonitrile derivative. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis together with FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy and via voltammetric and spectrochemical methods. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements demonstrate that while metal-free and magnesium porphyrazines gave common porphyrazine (Pz) ring-based electron-transfer reactions, incorporating redox active metal center, Co^II, into the porphyrazine core extended the redox activity of the ring system with reversible metal-based reduction and oxidation couples of the metal center in addition to the common Pz ring-based electron transfer processes. The unsaturated functional groups of the porphyrazines did not alter the common electrochemical behavior of the complexes. An in situ electrocolorimetric method, based on the 1931 CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) system of colorimetry, was applied to investigate the color of the electro-generated anionic and cationic forms of the complexes for possible electrochromatic applications.     

Polymerization of epoxides catalyzed by a mixed‐valent iron trifluoroacetate [Fe3O(O2CCF3)6(H2O)3]

The readily available mixed‐valent iron trifluoroacetate complex [Fe₂^IIIFe^II(µ₃‐O)(O₂CCF₃)₆(H₂O)₃] is an effective catalyst for the polymerization of epoxides. A very small amount of the catalyst (1.0–0.01 mol%) could initiate the polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, cyclopentene oxide and epichlorohydrin. Based on quantitative end‐group analysis by ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy, a Lewis acid (LA^⊕) catalyzed anionic reaction mechanism is proposed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Investigation of engineering properties for usability of Lefke stone (Osmaneli/Bilecik) as building stone

Lefke stone is a sandstone that has been widely used in mosques, madrasas, churches, and houses as building stone. The geological features and engineering properties of Lefke stone outcropped in the southern part of Osmaneli/Bilecik were investigated in field and laboratory studies. Samples acquired during the fieldwork were tested to determine the physical, mechanical, durability, and hygrothermal properties in the laboratory. The mean physico-mechanical properties of Lefke stone yielded apparent density of 2.38 g/cm³, specific gravity of 2.68 g/cm³, total porosity of 11.26%, 2.93% water absorption by weight, uniaxial compressive strength of 94 MPa, flexure strength of 11.45 MPa, a 3.90 MPa point load strength, 4.5–5 Mohs hardness, and field Schmidt hammer rebound value of 36. According to durability tests, Lefke stone is resistant to CaCl₂ salt mist but has low resistance to SO₂ aging. Salt crystals placed in the discontinuities of the rock caused slight crack growth. The stone’s resistance to crystallization of sodium sulphate salt is low, and an increase in the volume of salts crystallized in the rock results in low corner strengths. A capillary water-absorption value of 0.0016 kg/m².h places Lefke stone into the category of very low water absorption capacity and permeability. The water vapor diffusion resistance factor (μ) less than 1 indicates that the sandstone has high breathability. Its performance in historical buildings, field observations, and values obtained through laboratory tests confirm that Lefke sandstone can be used as a building stone.

     

Solubility Enhancement of Fe in ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - Crystalline ZnO offers an excellent host matrix to create a dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) owing to its facile Zn-atom substitution with the...     

Kinetic Investigation of Reaction Between Mineral Ulexite and Citric Acid

In this study, the dissolution kinetics of ulexite, a sodium-calcium-borate hydrate (Na₂O·2CaO·5B₂O₃·16H₂O) in citric acid solutions was investigated in a batch reactor. The rate of dissolution can be expressed according to surface chemical reaction controlling with changing fluid reactant concentration. The activation energy of the process was found to be 39.4 kJ/mol.     

Latent heat energy storage characteristics of building composites of bentonite clay and pumice sand with different organic PCMs

In the present work, six new kinds of building composite PCMs (BCPCMs), PS/octadecane, BC/octadecane, PS/CA–MA, BC/CA–MA, PS/PEG1000, and BC/PEG1000 composites, were prepared by using vacuum impregnation method. The maximum percent of PCM in the composites was assigned to be 12, 13, 18, 23, 30, and 42 wt%, respectively. The form‐stable BCPCMs were characterized using SEM, FT‐IR, DSC, and TG analysis techniques. The characterization results showed the existence of homogenous dispersion of the PCM into the PBM matrixes. The DSC measurements indicated that the melting temperatures of the form‐stable BCPCMs are in the range of 20–33°C while they have latent heats of melting in the range of about 28–55 J/g. These results make them promising BCPCMs for low temperature‐passive TES applications in buildings. Thermal cycling test indicated that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal reliability and chemical stability. TG analysis proved that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal durability. In addition, the thermal conductivity of BCPCMs was enhanced considerably by addition of expanded graphite (EG). The improvement in thermal conductivity of the BCPCMs caused appreciably reduction in their melting times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Water-Soluble Peripheral Substituted Phthalocyanines as Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in 0.1 N HCl: Gravimetric,Electrochemical, SEM-EDS,and Quantum Chemical Calculations

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Corrosion inhibition effects of water-soluble peripheral substituted cobalt, copper and zinc metallophthalocyanines (CoPc (1), CuPc (2) and...