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951.
Folds on the temperature surfaces of heterogeneous multicomponent liquid-vapor systems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Regularities in the behavior of folds on the surface of equilibrium temperatures for multicomponent two-phase mixtures are studied. The concept of the multiplicity of a fold on the surface of temperatures is introduced. 相似文献
952.
Yu. A. Guloyan 《Glass and Ceramics》2008,65(5-6):177-186
Research on the properties and characteristics of glass that determine the serviceability of the most massive glass objects and glassware is reviewed. The theoretical assumptions, general questions concerning the strength, chemical resistance (corrosion), and spectral characteristics of glass are noted. The properties and characteristics indicated are examined for sheet glass, glass fiber, and glassware. 相似文献
953.
A. A. Belyaev 《Solid Fuel Chemistry》2008,42(6):335-341
Experimental data on the autothermal gasification of wastes from the flotation of Kuzbass coal of grade Zh and low-ash coal from the Kansk-Achinsk Basin in a spouted bed of an inert material at atmospheric pressure are presented. Capabilities for the development and use of this process for power generation based on closed-cycle gas turbine plants are analyzed 相似文献
954.
N. K. Kononov A. D. Belyaev S. M. Ignatov V. G. Nedorezov N. V. Rudnev A. A. Turinge 《Instruments and Experimental Techniques》2004,47(5):683-684
A digital position-sensitive X-ray imaging scintillation detector has been designed for the MEDIANA medical diagnostic station of the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Center (the Kurchatov Institute). A single-crystal CsI(Tl) scintillator 8 mm thick is used as a screen with approximately 100% detection efficiency for X rays with energies as high as 100 keV. A CCD matrix of dimensions 1024 × 1024 pixels is the photodetector. The spatial resolution is five line pairs per mm in a field of vision of 35 × 35 mm for 100-keV X rays. 相似文献
955.
For the first time, order-order and order-disorder transitions were detected and characterized in a model diblock copolymer of poly(butadiene-1,3) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PB-b-PDMS). This model PB-b-PDMS copolymer was synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization (high vacuum techniques) of butadiene 1,3 (B) and hexamethylciclotrisiloxane (D3), and subsequently characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Small-Angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology. SAXS combined with rheological experiments shows that the order-order and order-disorder transitions are thermoreversible. This fact indicates that the copolymer has sufficient mobility at the timescale and at the temperatures of interest to reach their equilibrium morphologies. 相似文献
956.
Yu.V. Butenko P.R. Coxon M. Yeganeh A.C. Brieva K. Liddell V.R. Dhanak L. iller 《Diamond and Related Materials》2008,17(6):962-966
It is generally accepted that diamond is resistant to a wide spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from the ultraviolet through to the soft X-ray range, which makes it very attractive for the fabrication of diamond-based photodetectors. However the effect of photon radiation on the diamond structure has not yet been examined. In the work presented here, photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the graphitization of nanodiamond crystallites exposed to extreme ultraviolet radiation. Under such irradiation, the surface hydrogen groups and graphite species are found to prevent graphitization. The mechanism of radiation-induced nanodiamond graphitization is discussed. 相似文献
957.
We present a numerical study of the packing of uniform spheres under three-dimensional vibration using the discrete element method (DEM), focusing on the effects of vibration condition (amplitude and frequency) and inter-particle frictions (sliding and rolling frictions). The results are analysed in terms of packing density, coordination number (CN), radial distribution function (RDF) and pore structure. It is shown that increasing either the vibration amplitude or frequency causes packing density to increase initially to a maximum and then decrease. Both vibration frequency and amplitude should be considered to characterize the effect of vibration process on packing structure. The sliding and rolling frictions between particles can decrease packing density since they dissipate energy, although the effect of rolling friction is less significant. In line with the change of packing density, microstructural properties such as CN, RDF and pore distribution also change: a looser packing often corresponds to smaller CN, less peaked RDF and larger but more widely distributed pores. 相似文献
958.
This study demonstrates that state observers can be developed and applied to infer the composition profiles of reactive distillation columns from noise-contaminated temperature measurements. The design and implementation of a Kalman filter (KF) and a Luenberger observer (LO) are carried out, and their performances are quantitatively assessed. The reliability, accuracy, and robustness of the two designs method are examined and compared quantitatively. The design and implementation of a Luenberger observer are simpler and easier to carry out than those of a Kalman filter. On the other hand, a Kalman filter is found to be more robust to a noisy measurements, erroneous initial estimates, and model uncertainties. A Luenberger observer could be used for composition estimation of reactive distillation when an ideal model of the system can reasonably approximate the real system; otherwise, a Kalman filter is recommended to be applied in more practical situations. 相似文献
959.
A model is presented for drying of a single porous particle with superheated steam and humid air. Experimental data for spherical porous ceramic particle reported in the literature were used for the validation of the model. An inversion temperature at which the evaporation rates within superheated steam and humid air are equal was predicted. The effect of thermophysical properties of the particle (permeability 10-14 - 10-17 m2, diameter 3 × 10-3 - 10 × 10-3 m) and operating variables (gas mass flux 0.26 - 0.78 kg m-2 s-1, drying agent temperature 120-200°C) is tested. The inversion temperature is shown to be affected by the thermophysical properties of the porous particle and of the drying agent. 相似文献
960.
Anastasiya Rybak Patrice A. Fokou Michael A. R. Meier 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2008,110(9):797-804
Olefin metathesis, awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 for Chauvin, Grubbs and Schrock, has emerged as a powerful tool for organic as well as polymer chemistry. In oleochemistry, this reaction is well known and has been applied for many decades. Examples include the functionalization of the double bonds of different oleochemicals or the (direct) polymerization of plant oils via metathesis. More recent developments, particularly the development of better and more robust catalysts, allow for highly efficient cross‐metathesis reactions opening new possibilities for the direct introduction of chemical functionalities. Within this contribution, the development of metathesis in oleochemistry will be discussed, covering self‐metathesis as well as more recent developments in the field of cross‐metathesis that lead to desired platform chemicals. 相似文献