The behavior of a cloud of emissions of high moisture content in the surface layer of the atmosphere

The propagation in the atmosphere of instantaneous emissions which largely consist of water vapor is treated in a three-dimensional formulation. The regularities are studied of the evolution of the hydrodynamic, concentration, and temperature fields depending on the parameters which define the state of the atmosphere (temperature and humidity), as well as on the temperature and moisture content of the cloud of emissions.     

Certain regularities of the kinetics of drying of moist materials

A method for calculating the kinetics of drying under the conditions of continuous variation in the Rehbinder number in the period of decreasing drying rate is considered. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 143–146, July–August, 2007.     

Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea.

A scientific basis for the evaluation of the risk to public health arising from excessive dietary intake of nitrate in Korea is provided. The nitrate () and nitrite () contents of various vegetables (Chinese cabbage, radish, lettuce, spinach, soybean sprouts, onion, pumpkin, green onion, cucumber, potato, carrot, garlic, green pepper, cabbage and Allium tuberosum Roth known as Crown daisy) are reported. Six hundred samples of 15 vegetables cultivated during different seasons were analysed for nitrate and nitrite by ion chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. No significant variance in nitrate levels was found for most vegetables cultivated during the summer and winter harvests. The mean nitrates level was higher in A. tuberosum Roth (5150 mg kg(-1)) and spinach (4259 mg kg(-1)), intermediate in radish (1878 mg kg(-1)) and Chinese cabbage (1740 mg kg(-1)), and lower in onion (23 mg kg(-1)), soybean sprouts (56 mg kg(-1)) and green pepper (76 mg kg(-1)) compared with those in other vegetables. The average nitrite contents in various vegetables were about 0.6 mg kg(-1), and the values were not significantly different among most vegetables. It was observed that nitrate contents in vegetables varied depending on the type of vegetables and were similar to those in vegetables grown in other countries. From the results of our studies and other information from foreign sources, it can be concluded that it is not necessary to establish limits of nitrates contents of vegetables cultivated in Korea due to the co-presence of beneficial elements such as ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol which are known to inhibit the formation of nitrosamine.     

Semiconductor-propolis heterojunction

A heterojunction between p-type indium monoselenide and propolis (bee glue) has been created for the first time. The influence of technological factors on the electrical properties of the heterojunction has been studied. It is demonstrated that propolis behaves similarly to a p-type semiconductor. The heterojunction possesses a significant photosensitivity in the near infrared range. The prospects of using photodetectors of the new type are discussed.     

Photoelectrical properties of In/n-CuIn5Se8 Schottky barriers

CuIn₅Se₈ homogeneous crystals of n-type conductivity have been grown. Donor centers activation energy has been estimated. In/n-CuIn₅Se₈ Schottky barriers have been created and the first spectral dependencies of quantum efficiency of photoconversion of these structures have been derived. The nature of interband optical transitions has been interpreted and the band gap values for direct and indirect transitions in CuIn₅Se₈ crystals have been determined on the results of analysis of the Schottky barriers photoactive edge absorption. A possibility of utilization of CuIn₅Se₈ crystals in wide-band photoconverters of the optical radiation has been established.     

Concept and salient design features of a high-temperature nuclear reactor with solid coolant

The salient features of using a solid substance to cool the core of a nuclear reactor and the associated advantages and limitations are examined. Conceptual proposals concerning the core design and the arrangement of the in-reactor space of a high-temperature nuclear reactor with a solid coolant are presented. Evaluated data and some results for a model reactor are presented. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 103, No. 3, pp. 156–161, September, 2007.     

Removal of acidic impurities from gases by absorption using monoethanolamine: A review

Recent research on absorbent applications of monoethanolamine and its solutions in water and other organic compounds is reviewed.     

Neuronet analysis of the effect of alloying elements on the radiation embrittlement of VVÉR-440 vessel materials

The results of a neuronet simulation of the shift of the temperature of a ductile-brittle transition of VVéR-440 vessel materials as a function of the neutron fluence and chemical composition are presented. Existing data on the temperature shift of the ductile-brittle transition in control samples of the main metal and the weld-seam material in VVéR-440 vessels from different units of an operating nuclear power plant are used for model development. The model is used to determine the character and degree of influence of various alloying elements on the radiation embrittlement of vessel steel. The dependence of the shift of the temperature of the ductile-brittle transition on the neutron fluence is estimated. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 101, No. 5, pp. 353–358, November, 2006.