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排序方式: 共有1619条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Matthew J. Bauer Catherine S. Snyder Christopher C. Bowland Amanda M. Uhl Maeve A. K. Budi Maria Villancio‐Wolter Henry A. Sodano Jennifer S. Andrew 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2016,99(12):3902-3908
Barium titanate nanofibers were uniaxially aligned by electrospinning onto a rotating copper wire drum and alignment was maintained during calcination of the fibers. Two methods for maintaining alignment during calcination were tested, by either using carbon tape or a peeling off method to remove the aligned fibers from the mandrel followed by calcination. The carbon tape removal method led to the formation of shorter aligned nanowires while the peeling off method resulted in longer nanofibers. Additionally, the effects of calcination temperature and time on crystal structure were also examined. The degree of tetragonality in the barium titanate nanofibers increased at higher calcination temperatures and times. Piezoelectricity was confirmed in the nanofibers calcined using piezoeresponse force microscopy, yielding a d33 value of 15.5 pm/V. Using the methods presented here, large quantities of aligned piezoelectric barium titanate and other ceramic fibers or wires can be produced to fulfill their demand in novel microelectronics. 相似文献
32.
Campos E Façanha AR Costa EP Fraga A Moraes J da Silva Vaz I Masuda A Logullo C 《International journal of molecular sciences》2011,12(6):3525-3535
The physiological roles of polyphosphates (polyP) recently found in arthropod mitochondria remain obscure. Here, the relationship between the mitochondrial membrane exopolyphosphatase (PPX) and the energy metabolism of hard tick Rhipicephalus microplus embryos are investigated. Mitochondrial respiration was activated by adenosine diphosphate using polyP as the only source of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and this activation was much greater using polyP(3) than polyP(15). After mitochondrial subfractionation, most of the PPX activity was recovered in the membrane fraction and its kinetic analysis revealed that the affinity for polyP(3) was 10 times stronger than that for polyP(15). Membrane PPX activity was also increased in the presence of the respiratory substrate pyruvic acid and after addition of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Furthermore, these stimulatory effects disappeared upon addition of the cytochrome oxidase inhibitor potassium cyanide and the activity was completely inhibited by 20 μg/mL heparin. The activity was either increased or decreased by 50% upon addition of dithiothreitol or hydrogen peroxide, respectively, suggesting redox regulation. These results indicate a PPX activity that is regulated during mitochondrial respiration and that plays a role in adenosine-5'-triphosphate synthesis in hard tick embryos. 相似文献
33.
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were selectively functionalised by treatment with concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid, resulting in carboxylated outer and pristine inner tube constituents. The functionalised DWCNTs were then incorporated into two types of pre-existing carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode platforms, and the performance of each was compared to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). To make the CNT electrode platforms DWCNTs were covalently bound to fluorinated tin oxide glass (FTO) or electrografted aminophenyl tether layers on silicon. The performance of single- compared to double-walled CNTs on FTO or silicon supported electrodes was then determined through electrochemical methods, using the redox probes, ferrocene and ruthenium hexaamine, respectively. The DWCNTs showed an improved heterogeneous rate constant. This improvement was attributed to the protection of the electronic properties of the inner wall of the DWCNT during the chemical modification and suggests that DWCNTs may offer a useful alternative to SWCNTs in future electronic devices. 相似文献
34.
Kinetic,thermodynamic parameters and in vitro digestion of tannase from Aspergillus tamarii URM 7115
Amanda Reges de Sena Tonny Cley Campos Leite Talita Camila Evaristo da Silva Nascimento Anna Carolina da Silva Catiane S. Souza Antônio Fernando de Mello Vaz 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2018,205(10):1415-1431
Tannase is an enzyme used in various industries and produced by a large number of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate tannase production to determine the biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties and to simulate tannase in vitro digestion. The tannase-producing fungal strain was isolated from “jamun” leaves and identified as Aspergillus tamarii. Temperature at 26°C for 67?h was the best combination for maximum tannase activity (6.35-fold; initial activity in Plackett–Burman design—15.53?U/mL and average final activity in Doehlert design—98.68?U/mL). The crude extract of tannase was optimally active at 40°C, pH 5.5 and 6.5. Moreover, tannase was stimulated by Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. The half-life at 40°C lasted 247.55?min. The free energy of Gibbs, enthalpy, and entropy, at 40°C, was 81.47, 16.85, and ?0.21?kJ/mol?·?K, respectively. After total digestion, 123.95% of the original activity was retained. Results suggested that tannase from A. tamarii URM 7115 is an enzyme of interest for industrial applications, such as gallic acid production, additive for feed industry, and for beverage manufacturing, due to its catalytic and thermodynamic properties. 相似文献
35.
36.
Amanda D’Cruz Mangesh G. Kulkarni Lekha Charan Meher Ajay K. Dalai 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(10):937-943
A series of alkali metal (Li, Na, K) promoted alkali earth oxides (CaO, BaO, MgO), as well as K2CO3 supported on alumina (Al2O3), were prepared and used as catalysts for transesterification of canola oil with methanol. Four catalysts such as K2CO3/Al2O3 and alkali metal (Li, Na, K) promoted BaO were effective for transesterification with >85 wt% of methyl esters. ICP-MS analysis
revealed that leaching of barium in ester phase was too high (~1,000 ppm) when BaO based catalysts were used. As barium is
highly toxic, these catalysts were not used further for transesterification of canola oil. Optimization of reaction conditions
such as molar ratio of alcohol to oil (6:1–12:1), reaction temperature (40–60 °C) and catalyst loading (1–3 wt%) was performed
for most efficient and environmentally friendly K2CO3/Al2O3 catalyst to maximize ester yield using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM suggested that a molar ratio of alcohol
to oil 11.48:1, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and catalyst loading 3.16 wt% were optimum for the production of ester from
canola oil. The predicted value of ester yield was 96.3 wt% in 2 h, which was in agreement with the experimental results within
1.28%. 相似文献
37.
The behavior of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers embedded with urea is studied as a function of various process parameters. Our results show that three‐dimensional nanofiber networks can be obtained when high concentrations of urea in the solution are used during electrospinning. The nanofibers are characterized using both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The stability of the nanofiber as a function of electric field has also been studied. The successful formation of three‐dimensional nanofiber networks can open new trends toward applications in fertilizers containing nanofibers in the nanoagricultural field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39840. 相似文献
38.
Hsi-Wu Wong Mina Jun Jay Peck Ian A. Waitz Richard C. Miake-Lye 《Aerosol science and technology》2014,48(9):981-995
The development of a detailed microphysical model that describes the complex multicomponent interactions between organic vapors and soot particles emitted from aircraft gas turbine engines is presented. Our model formulation includes both soot surface activation by organic vapors and organic vapor condensation on the activated part of the soot surfaces. To enable this formulation, approaches to estimate chemical and physical properties of aerosols containing complex mixtures of sulfuric acid, water, and organic molecules were developed. Relevant distributions of a list of organic surrogates at the engine exit plane were used to represent complex organic emissions from aircraft engines. A parametric study was performed using this new formulation to understand the effects of ambient conditions, organic emissions levels, and mass accommodation coefficient values on the evolution of near field volatile particulate matter emissions from aircraft engines at ground level.
Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research 相似文献
39.
40.
Prof. Dr. Richard K. Haynes Kwan‐Wing Cheu Dr. Ho‐Wai Chan Dr. Ho‐Ning Wong Ka‐Yan Li Maggie Mei‐Ki Tang Min‐Jiao Chen Dr. Zu‐Feng Guo Prof. Dr. Zhi‐Hong Guo Prof. Dr. Kumar Sinniah Amanda B. Witte Dr. Paolo Coghi Prof. Dr. Diego Monti 《ChemMedChem》2012,7(12):2204-2226
Artemisinins are proposed to act in the malaria parasite cytosol by oxidizing dihydroflavin cofactors of redox‐active flavoenzymes, and under aerobic conditions by inducing their autoxidation. Perturbation of redox homeostasis coupled with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ensues. Ascorbic acid–methylene blue (MB), N‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide (BNAH)–MB, BNAH–lumiflavine, BNAH–riboflavin (RF), and NADPH–FAD–E. coli flavin reductase (Fre) systems at pH 7.4 generate leucomethylene blue (LMB) and reduced flavins that are rapidly oxidized in situ by artemisinins. These oxidations are inhibited by the 4‐aminoquinolines piperaquine (PPQ), chloroquine (CQ), and others. In contrast, the arylmethanols lumefantrine, mefloquine (MFQ), and quinine (QN) have little or no effect. Inhibition correlates with the antagonism exerted by 4‐aminoquinolines on the antimalarial activities of MB, RF, and artemisinins. Lack of inhibition correlates with the additivity/synergism between the arylmethanols and artemisinins. We propose association via π complex formation between the 4‐aminoquinolines and LMB or the dihydroflavins; this hinders hydride transfer from the reduced conjugates to the artemisinins. The arylmethanols have a decreased tendency to form π complexes, and so exert no effect. The parallel between chemical reactivity and antagonism or additivity/synergism draws attention to the mechanism of action of all drugs described herein. CQ and QN inhibit the formation of hemozoin in the parasite digestive vacuole (DV). The buildup of heme–FeIII results in an enhanced efflux from the DV into the cytosol. In addition, the lipophilic heme–FeIII complexes of CQ and QN that form in the DV are proposed to diffuse across the DV membrane. At the higher pH of the cytosol, the complexes decompose to liberate heme–FeIII. The quinoline or arylmethanol reenters the DV, and so transfers more heme–FeIII out of the DV. In this way, the 4‐aminoquinolines and arylmethanols exert antimalarial activities by enhancing heme–FeIII and thence free FeIII concentrations in the cytosol. The iron species enter into redox cycles through reduction of FeIII to FeII largely mediated by reduced flavin cofactors and likely also by NAD(P)H–Fre. Generation of ROS through oxidation of FeII by oxygen will also result. The cytotoxicities of artemisinins are thereby reinforced by the iron. Other aspects of drug action are emphasized. In the cytosol or DV, association by π complex formation between pairs of lipophilic drugs must adversely influence the pharmacokinetics of each drug. This explains the antagonism between PPQ and MFQ, for example. The basis for the antimalarial activity of RF mirrors that of MB, wherein it participates in redox cycling that involves flavoenzymes or Fre, resulting in attrition of NAD(P)H. The generation of ROS by artemisinins and ensuing Fenton chemistry accommodate the ability of artemisinins to induce membrane damage and to affect the parasite SERCA PfATP6 Ca2+ transporter. Thus, the effect exerted by artemisinins is more likely a downstream event involving ROS that will also be modulated by mutations in PfATP6. Such mutations attenuate, but cannot abrogate, antimalarial activities of artemisinins. Overall, parasite resistance to artemisinins arises through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms. 相似文献