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21.
Ten natural bloom samples of cyanobacteria from the Danish lakes Knud s? (5), Ravn s? (4), and Salten Langs? (1) collected during 1993-1995 were assayed for toxicity by mouse bioassay, for acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activity by a colorimetric method, and for microcystins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the mouse bioassay, seven samples were neurotoxic, two were non-toxic and one gave a protracted toxic response. One of the non-toxic and the single protracted toxic sample both contained anticholinesterase activity equivalent to 4 micrograms anatoxin-a(s) g-1. The neurotoxic samples contained equivalents to 20-3300 micrograms anatoxin-a(s) g-1. The highest anticholinesterase activities (equivalent to 2300 and 3300 micrograms anatoxin-a(s) g-1, respectively) were found in samples collected from Lake Knud s? in connection with bird-kills in 1993 and 1994. Small amounts of microcystins (0.1-0.9 microgram g-1) were detected in all samples but one. All Lake Knud s? and Lake Ravn s? samples were dominated by Anabaena lemmermannii, and the Lake Salten Langs? sample by several species of Anabaena. Gel filtration profiles indicated similarity between the toxic component from the Lake Knud s? 1994 bloom with registered bird-kills and anatoxin-a(s) isolated from Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-525-17. Anticholinesterase-producing cultures of A. lemmermannii were isolated from the Lake Knud s? 1993 bloom. These laboratory cultures produced anatoxin-a(s) equivalents of 29-743 micrograms g-1. Other cultures of A. lemmermannii isolated from Lake Knud s? and Lake Ravn s? were hepatotoxic or non-toxic. Dead birds collected from Lake Knud s? during the neurotoxic 1993 Anabaena bloom possibly died from cyanobacterial toxicosis. The stomach contents contained colonies and single trichomes of Anabaena, and anticholinesterase activities equivalent to 2.1-89.7 micrograms anatoxin-a(s) kg-1 body weight and microcystins (53-95 ng kg-1) were also detected. 相似文献
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长江螺山站高水位流量关系和城陵矶(莲花塘)控制水位的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
螺山站高水位流量关系是确定长江城陵矶(莲花糖)控制水位的基本依据,从基本的河道水力学规律出发,考虑涨落率修正、瞬时比降修正,计算各时段点的代表性比降,和相应糙率,求出均值,根据断面资料,得出高水位的稳定流曲线,并以各日流量转化的稳定流点,进行验证,精度很好,分析了河段区间流量对螺山站稳定流量的影响。阐明了螺山站稳定流量的变化情况和趋势,推求了各次大洪水的超额洪量,计算出莲花糖以上的总入流,根据现今的湖区及槽蓄容积进行洪水演进,计算1954年特大洪水的超额洪量,并分析节三峡水库拦洪后对长江中下游超额水量的影响;对莲花塘不同防洪控制水位进行了技术经济分析和评价,提出了抬高控制水位的具体建议。 相似文献
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In this paper, any two of the three anticorrosion agents, that is emulsifier (OP-10), soluble glass (Na2O·nSiO2) and glycerin (C3H8O3), were treated simultaneously on the surface of amorphous (a-) MgNi+5% Ml2Mg17 (Ml denotes the lanthanum-rich mish metal) electrode and the electrolyte. Effect of the synergistic anticorrosion treatment on charging/discharging cycle stability of the electrode was investigated. Contrasted with single treatment method, the cycling stability of the electrodes was further improved. The desirable synergistic anticorrosion method was that the electrode was treated by the soluble glass, and that OP-10 was added into the electrolyte. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) results of the electrode show clearly that the anticorrosion agent can change the electrochemical activity and mechanism of the electrode. The concentration of the anticorrosion agent in the electrolyte treated by the synergistic anticorrosion method was also investigated. The appropriate concentration of the anticorrosion agents in the electrolyte is 0.143%. 相似文献
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J. Chen J. B. Xu K. Xue J. An N. Ke W. Cao H. B. Xia J. Shi D. C. Tian 《Microelectronics Reliability》2005,45(1):137-142
Transition-metal compound TiC60 thin films were grown by co-deposition from two separated sources of fullerene C60 powder and titanium. Study of structural properties of the films, by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals that the films have a deformed C60 structure with certain amount of sp3 bonds and a rough surface with a large number of nanoclusters. z–V tunnelling spectroscopic measurements suggest that several charge transport mechanisms are involved in as the tip penetrates into the thin film. Conventional field electron emission (FEE) measurements show a high emission current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a low turn-on field less than 8 V/μm, with the field enhancement factors being 659 and 1947 for low-field region and high-field region, respectively. By exploiting STM tunneling spectroscopy, local FEE on nanometer scale has also been characterized in comparison with the conventional FEE. The respective field enhancement factors are estimated to be 99–355 for a gap varying from 36 to 6 nm. The enhanced FEE of TiC60 thin films can be ascribed to structural variation of C60 in the films and the electrical conducting paths formed by titanium nanocrystallites embedded in C60 matrix. 相似文献