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261.
262.
M. Lamirand J. -L. Bonnentien S. Guérin G. Ferrière J. -P. Chevalier 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(8):2369-2378
The effect of added oxygen in the range of 1000 to 4000 wt ppm on the microstructures of a Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy has been
investigated and compared to the microstructures for a high-purity alloy. For specimens cooled from theα phase, interstitial oxygen stabilizes the lamellar microstructure with respect toγ grains, with higher than equilibrium values for theα
2 volume fraction. For specimens cooled from theα +γ phase field, the lamellar microstructure still tends to be favored by oxygen, but it is found that the phase volume fractions
are not significantly different from equilibrium values. This suggests that interstitial O essentially reduces the kinetics
of theα toα +γ transformation. Thus, interstitial oxygen will have a strong effect on microstructures obtained by continuous cooling fromα, but significantly less on those, such as the duplex microstructure, obtained by long treatment in theα +γ phase field. In general, increased O content is well correlated with reduced ductility. Finally, the role of interstitial
oxygen on this phase transformation is discussed. 相似文献
263.
C. R. Hutchinson H. S. Zurob Y. Bréchet 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(6):1711-1720
The growth of allotriomorphic ferrite from austenite in Fe-C-X alloys is studied. Two systems have been selected: the Fe-C-Ni
system, in which the substitutional alloying element is expected to have a weak interaction with both the C and the moving
interface, and the Fe-C-Mo system, in which these interactions are expected to be non-negligible. The ferrite growth kinetics
was measured using two types of experiments: classical isothermal heat treatments and decarburization experiments. All of
the experimental observations can be quantitatively rationalized using a model that describes an evolution in interfacial
conditions from paraequilibrium (PE) to local equilibrium with negligible partitioning (LENP) during growth.
This article is based on a presentation made in the “Hillert Symposium on Thermodynamics & Kinetics of Migrating Interfaces
in Steels and Other Complex Alloys,” December 2–3, 2004, organized by the The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm,
Sweden. 相似文献
264.
265.
The possibility of long-term safe disposal of radioactive wastes based on their radiation and radiation-migration balance with the initial fuel component and taking account of the thermal, radiation, and elastic loads due to waste dispoasl on the natural medium is examined. The specific radiation and radiation-migration equivalence is established on the basis of the radiotoxicity of uranium and the components of the decay of uranium and individual radionuclides as well as the sum of the latter. 相似文献
266.
Electron Spin Resonance, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and rheological techniques have been used to study the physical
changes induced by temperature in lard and in the solid and liquid fractions obtained by fractionation of lard at 15 C. The
mobilization process of a C18 fatty acid nitroxide derivative dispersed in the molten fat has been observed in the temperature
range −50 to +70 C.
The mobilization of the probe seemed to be concomitant with the melting of the low melting point glycerides. Above this temperature,
all the probes were in the liquid phase and their mobility reflected the viscosity of their liquid environment, or the viscosity
of the bulk fat when crystal was no longer present.
Probe mobility was temperature dependent, and it was identical for the three fats at the same temperature, despite their different
triglyceride compositions. 相似文献
267.
268.
Phillips Dorothy A.; Hearty Paul J.; Latrémouille Susane; Treurniet William C.; Whalen Thomas E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1985,26(3):219
Discusses telematics, a new field of behavioral research in Canada that has grown with the technical developments in which computers and telecommunications have been combined. Three domains of behavioral research reflect relationships between humans and the technology and use the evidence and methods of different areas of psychology: (1) interface studies address perception and performance questions, (2) dialog studies focus on cognitive processes, and (3) impact studies investigate social relations and how institutions and individuals are affected by telematics. Studies conducted during the past 5 yrs by the Behavioural Research and Evaluation division of the Department of Communications, Government of Canada, are described in each of these 3 domains. Behavioral research in telematics is expected to be an increasingly important activity in which psychologists may play an active part as the technology disseminates. (French abstract) (47 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
269.
In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for unconstrained
handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses the Kohonen self-organizing neural network for data classification in
the first stage and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) model in the second stage to improve classification accuracy. The
combined architecture performs better than the Kohonen self-organizing map alone. In the proposed approach, the collection
of centroids at different phases of training plays a vital role in the performance of the recognition system. Four experiments
have been conducted and experimental results show that the collection of centroids in the middle of the training gives high
performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The systems developed also resolve the confusion between handwritten numerals. 相似文献
270.
Adjuvant-induced arthritis is an animal model of chronic inflammatory disease widely used in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs testing. When the development and the inhibition of the induced arthritis are measured by the injected paw oedema, it is difficult to delineate the immunological contribution from the persistent non-specific primary section. To study the influence of volume and composition of the injected adjuvant upon the primary non-specific inflammation, we devised a 3X4 factorial experiment on a strain of inbred rats with a low susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis. The injection of mineral oil alone produces a persistent oedema. The injection of mycobacteriae in suspension in saline induces a rapid inflammatory response followed by a fast decrease of the oedema. When complete adjuvant is used, there is always a very strong interaction between the effects of the two components of the adjuvant, i.e. the measured oedemas are much greater than the calculated values, For a given injected volume, the inflammation is maximum when the concentration of mycobacteriae is 2.5 mg/ml. All the rats injected with complete adjuvant present a transient oedema of the non-injected hind paw. This oedema is very small and proportional to the amount of mycobacteria injected. 相似文献