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171.
Urszula Krupa-Kozak Natalia Drabińska Cristina M. Rosell Costantino Fadda Andrzej Anders Tomasz Jeliński Anita Ostaszyk 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2019,54(4):1121-1129
Broccoli by-products, in particular leaves, are rich sources of nutritional and bioactive components thus could constitute a valuable food additive. Although an upsurge in quantity of gluten-free products is observed further studies are required on improvement of their nutritional quality and palatability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of broccoli leaf powder (BLP) on dough behaviour, and technological characteristics and sensory quality of gluten-free mini sponge cake (GFS). Broccoli leaf powder replaced an equivalent amount (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%; w/w) of corn and potato starches in GFS formulation. Applied BLP increased the instrumental firmness of GFS but sensorial attributes (elasticity, crustiness, mastication and adhesiveness) were similar to the control. All broccoli GFS were vividly green, had small size pores properly distributed. Among them, sample with 2.5% BLP was distinguished for its desirable sensory quality, despite a slightly perceived cabbage aroma and taste. Moderate amount of BLP allows to preserve a good quality GFS improving its attractiveness and palatability. 相似文献
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Jerzy Jedlinski Jean Luc Grosseau Poussard Jarosław Dabek Kazimierz Kowalski Marek Nocun Grzegorz Smola Zbigniew Żurek 《Oxidation of Metals》2017,88(3-4):371-382
The very early stages of the oxidation of an Fe20Cr2Al alloy, unmodified and ion-implanted by aluminium, yttrium and a combination of both elements, Al and Y, were studied at 1100 °C in oxygen using two-stage-oxidation exposures with 18O2 as a tracer and subsequent characterisation of the scales using SIMS analyses of distribution of oxygen isotopes and oxide-related negative ion clusters, SEM observations of the surface morphology and photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis of the phase composition. The scales formed in all cases, except for the Al-implanted alloy, exhibited layered structures, with the outer part comprising Fe- and Cr-rich oxide, and the inner part being Al2O3, which grew due to a mixed outward–inward mechanism . The alumina sub-layers contained the transient oxides and α-Al2O3. Implanted Al significantly affected the mechanism of the scale growth, providing that the scale consisted essentially of α-Al2O3, and grew via a mixed inward-outward mechanism typical for scales on alumina formers. 相似文献
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A practical computing algorithm has been developed for calculating the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) from the molecular beam epitaxy growing surface. The calculations are based on the use of the dynamical diffraction theory in which the electrons are taken to be diffracted by a potential, which is periodic in the dimension perpendicular to the surface. The computer program presented in this paper enables calculations for three basic types of diffuse potential for crystalline heteroepitaxial structures, including the possible existence of various diffuse scattering models through the layer parallel to the surface. 相似文献
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