Kontrolle des Schengener Informationssystems

Zusammenfassung  Der Hessische Datenschutzbeauftragte ist als Vertreter der Bundesl?nder neben dem BfDI Mitglied der Gemeinsamen Kontrollinstanz für das Schengener Informationssystem. Die Autorin des folgenden Beitrags vertritt ihn in dieser Kontrollinstanz und berichtet über deren Arbeitsweise in den letzten Jahren. Angelika Schriever-Steinberg Referatsleiterin Verfassungschutz, Ausl?nderrecht, Europarecht, Schengener-Informationssystem     

Variational Bayesian functional PCA

A Bayesian approach to analyze the modes of variation in a set of curves is suggested. It is based on a generative model thus allowing for noisy and sparse observations of curves. A Demmler-Reinsch(-type) basis is used to enforce smoothness of the latent (‘eigen’)functions. Inference, including estimation, error assessment and model choice, particularly the choice of the number of eigenfunctions and their degree of smoothness, is derived from a variational approximation of the posterior distribution. The proposed analysis is illustrated with simulated and real data.     

Tall oil soap skimming—the state of the art

This paper calls attention to the increased interest in tall oil production within the past 5 years and the simultaneous increase in the market price of tall oil. It points out that tall oil has grown from a relatively unknown product to a well established commodity of considerable commercial importance, which has given kraft pulp mills a renewed interest in soap skimming. This paper also covers the state of the art in soap skimming. One of seven papers presented in the Symposium “Tall Oil,” AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, May 1973.     

Zusammensetzung,Präparation und Eigenschaften von Rapsphospholipiden

Composition, Preparation and Functionality of Rapeseed Phospholipids It is well known that phospholipids are byproducts of rape seed processing. Nevertheless they have only a small application field because of sensoric problems, undesirable colour and a lack of knowledge on relationship between structure and action. In this study the phospholipid composition of rape seeds of different breeding quality is characterized. The possibilities to prepare the main phospholipid constituents are analyzed. The functionality (interfacial behaviour) of phospholipid classes are tested in two experiments in order to receive more basic information on these compounds.     

Identification strategy using combined mass spectrometric techniques for elucidation of phase I and phase II in vitro metabolites of lipophilic marine biotoxins

Combining mass spectrometric tools, a total of 47 in vitro metabolites of okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins 1 and 2 (DTX1 and DTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), azaspiracid1 (AZA1), and pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2) could be detected and confirmed after an incubation with rat liver S9-mix. In a first step, liquid chromatography (LC) combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used as a screening tool for the identification of in vitro metabolites of lipophilic marine biotoxins. Metabolic phase I and phase II reactions were screened for metabolites by calculating and subsequently monitoring theoretical MS transitions. In a second step, metabolites were confirmed by determination of accurate masses using high resolution MS provided by Orbitrap technology. Subsequently, product ion spectra, precursor ion spectra, and MS3 spectra were recorded for structure elucidation of metabolites. While all investigated toxins were found to form various oxygenated metabolites during the oxidative phase I metabolism, those metabolites varied in the number of added oxygen atoms and in the number of individual isomers. No hints were obtained concerning the formation of glutathione adducts, and a conjugation with glucuronic acid was detected for AZA1 only.     

Polymerised high internal phase emulsion cement hybrids: Macroporous polymer scaffolds for setting cements

We polymerised the continuous styrene/divinylbenzene monomer phase of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing 70 vol.% cement slurry as internal phase to synthesise polymer cement hybrid materials. These novel cement containing poly(merised)HIPEs have an interconnected bi-phasic structure consisting of an interpenetrating network of set cement and polymer. Incorporating 14 wt.% of polymer into the cement resulted in an increased compressive strain to failure as compared to pure set cement but both elastic modulus and crush strength decreased. These novel polymer cement hybrid materials have a better chemical resistance against acetic acid then pure cement and showed also no shrinkage when exposed to xylene and dodecane.     

Macroporous polymer nanocomposites synthesised from high internal phase emulsion templates stabilised by reduced graphene oxide

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is known to be electrically conductive and adsorb at oil–water interfaces. It has also been shown to mechanically reinforce bulk materials. This work combines these favourable characteristics of two-dimensional rGO to develop 3D macroporous polymer nanocomposites via emulsion templating. rGO proved to be an efficient emulsifier as only 0.2 mg/ml (with respect to the oil phase) of rGO was required to stabilise water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) of up to 80 vol.% internal phase. After polymerisation of the continuous minority monomer (styrene and divinylbenzene) phase, macroporous polymer nanocomposites with tuneable microstructures were obtained. The storage modulus of rGO-poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) HIPEs increased by almost an order of magnitude when the rGO concentration used to stabilise the HIPE template increased from 0.4 to 5.0 mg/ml. The adsorption and organisation of rGO at the o/w interface in HIPEs prior to polymerisation and partial aggregation in the polymer cell walls after polymerisation resulted in conductive nanocomposites with a rGO content of as low as 0.006 vol.% (with respect to bulk polymer volume or 0.8 mg/ml with respect to the monomer volume used in the emulsion template) compared to 0.1 vol.% for dense nanocomposites previously reported. This provided evidence for the efficient arrangement of rGO within the macroporous polymer nanocomposite, creating an electrically conductive network.