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631.
Gunhild von Amsberg Winfried Alsdorf Panagiotis Karagiannis Anja Coym Moritz Kaune Stefan Werner Markus Graefen Carsten Bokemeyer Lina Merkens Sergey A. Dyshlovoy 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Immunotherapeutic treatment approaches are now an integral part of the treatment of many solid tumors. However, attempts to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of prostate cancer have been disappointing so far. This is due to a highly immunosuppressive, “cold” tumor microenvironment, which is characterized, for example, by the absence of cytotoxic T cells, an increased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells, a decreased number of tumor antigens, or a defect in antigen presentation. The consequence is a reduced efficacy of many established immunotherapeutic treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors. However, a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor–immune system interactions raises hopes that immunotherapeutic strategies can be optimized in the future. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status and future directions of immunotherapy development in prostate cancer. Background information on immune response and tumor microenvironment will help to better understand current therapeutic strategies under preclinical and clinical development. 相似文献
632.
Cheryl de Vallire Jesus Cosin-Roger Katharina Baebler Anja Schoepflin Cline Mamie Michelle Mollet Cordelia Schuler Susan Bengs Silvia Lang Michael Scharl Klaus Seuwen Pedro A. Ruiz Martin Hausmann Gerhard Rogler 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Local extracellular acidification occurs at sites of inflammation. Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) responds to decreases in extracellular pH. Our previous studies show a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation, suggesting a link between tissue pH and immune responses. Additionally, pH-dependent signalling is associated with the progression of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate OGR1 expression and OGR1-mediated signalling in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our results show that OGR1 expression significantly increased in patients with IBD compared to non-IBD patients, as demonstrated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Paired samples from non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal areas of IBD patients showed stronger OGR1 IHC staining in inflamed mucosal segments compared to non-inflamed mucosa. IHC of human surgical samples revealed OGR1 expression in macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. OGR1-dependent inositol phosphate (IP) production was significantly increased in CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Primary human and murine fibroblasts exhibited OGR1-dependent IP formation, RhoA activation, F-actin, and stress fibre formation upon an acidic pH shift. OGR1 expression and signalling increases with IBD disease activity, suggesting an active role of OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD. 相似文献
633.
Ralf Hoffmann Jochen Mattay Anja Banning Ute Rodewald Manfred M. Mller 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1994,336(4):343-349
The thermal extrusion of SO2 from disubstituted 3-sulfolenes 3 leads to 2,3-donor-acceptor-substituted 1,3-butadienes 4 . These dienes react with acrylic acid ester and ethyl vinyl ether to the corresponding Diels-Alder adducts 5 and 6 and with themselves to the cyclic dimerization products 7 and 8 . The regiochemistry of the cycloadducts has been determined by chemical- and NMR-methods. The pyrolysis of 3-sulfolene 11 afforded the thiolactone 13 whose structure has been verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the influence of Lewis acid catalysts on the Diels-Alder reaction and an approach to transition state calculation by means of the semiempirical AM 1 method has also been investigated. 相似文献
634.
Tanja Jako Mateja Prunk Anja Pilar Janko Kos 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(24)
Cathepsin X is a lysosomal peptidase that is involved in tumour progression and represents a potential target for therapeutic interventions. In addition, it regulates important functions of immune cells and is implicated in the modulation of tumour cell–immune cell crosstalk. Selective cathepsin X inhibitors have been proposed as prospective antitumour agents to prevent cancer progression; however, their impact on the antitumour immune response has been overlooked. Previous studies indicate that the migration and adhesion of T cells and dendritic cells are affected by diminished cathepsin X activity. Meanwhile, the influence of cathepsin X inhibition on natural killer (NK) cell function has not yet been explored. Here, we examined the localization patterns of cathepsin X and the role of its inhibitors on the cytotoxicity of cell line NK-92, which is used for adoptive cellular immunotherapy in cancer patients. NK-92 cells depend on lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) to form stable immunoconjugates with target cells, providing, in this way, optimal cytotoxicity. Since LFA-1 is a substrate for cathepsin X activity in other types of cells, we hypothesized that cathepsin X could disturb the formation of NK-92 immunoconjugates. Thus, we employed cathepsin X reversible and irreversible inhibitors and evaluated their effects on the NK-92 cell interactions with target cells and on the NK-92 cell cytotoxicity. We show that cathepsin X inhibition does not impair stable conjugate formation or the lytic activity of NK-92 cells. Similarly, the conjugate formation between Jurkat T cells and target cells was not affected by cathepsin X activity. Unlike in previous migration and adhesion studies on T cells, in NK-92 cells cathepsin X was not co-localized with LFA-1 at the plasma membrane but was, rather, redistributed to the cytotoxic granules and secreted during degranulation. 相似文献
635.
636.
Cultivation and Hydrothermal Gasification of Microalgae Scenedesmus Obliquus – First Experimental Results
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Microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus) produced in flat panel photobioreactors were converted via supercritical water gasification. The long term aim is to gain higher process efficiency through recycling of byproducts of supercritical water gasification and waste water during the cultivation of microalgae. The first step of the project, the general feasibility of conversion of microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus via supercritical water gasification to a hydrogen‐rich combustible gas is presented. The product gas had a higher heating value and consisted of hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and ethane. 相似文献
637.
Thomas Ryll Henning Galinski Lukas Schlagenhauf Pierre Elser Jennifer L. M. Rupp Anja Bieberle‐Hutter Ludwig J. Gauckler 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(3):565-572
Agglomerated Pt thin films have been proposed as electrodes for electrochemical devices like micro‐solid oxide fuel cells (μ‐SOFCs) operating at low temperatures. However, comprehensive studies elucidating the interplay between agglomeration state and electrochemical properties are lacking. In this contribution the electrochemical performance of agglomerated and “dense” Pt thin film electrodes on yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (YSZ) is correlated with their microstructural characteristics. Besides the microscopically measurable triple‐phase‐boundary (tpb) where Pt, YSZ and air are in contact, a considerable contribution of “nanoscopic” tpbs to the electrode conductivity resulting from oxygen permeable grain boundaries is identified. It is demonstrated that “dense” Pt thin films are excellent electrodes provided their grain size and thickness are in the nanometer range. The results disprove the prevailing idea that the performance of Pt thin film electrodes results from microscopic and geometrically measurable tpbs only. 相似文献
638.
Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan Karl Mandel Anja Paulus Carsten Meyer Frank Hutter Carsten Gellermann Gerhard Sextl Matthias Franzreb Heidrun Steinmetz 《Water research》2013
An innovative nanocomposite material is proposed for phosphate recovery from wastewater using magnetic assistance. Superparamagnetic microparticles modified with layered double hydroxide (LDH) ion exchangers of various compositions act as phosphate adsorbers. Magnetic separation and chemical regeneration of the particles allows their reuse, leading to the successful recovery of phosphate. 相似文献
639.
Alessandra Agostini Giorgio De Michelis Maria Antonietta Grasso Wolfgang Prinz Anja Syri 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》1996,5(2-3):223-250
In this paper a framework for the conceptual modelling of organizational contexts is provided and it is embodied into an extension of the TOSCA organizational handbook.The context of a work process is relevant since the effectiveness of the cooperation among its actors is highly dependent on their awareness of it. It requires, on the one hand, that the context is made available in terms of visibility and/or transparency; on the other, that at any time a selection is made so that only what is relevant to the context is provided, leaving the rest in the background. With respect to the first requirement a model of the organizational context is needed, so that all the information regarding its dimensions can be linked together. With respect to the second requirement, a work process model provides some guidelines for designing a system offering a selective access to the context of a work process. The workspace metaphor is a good paradigm to make that information ready at hand, since it is the natural framework within which people do their work. 相似文献
640.
Anja Backen Srinivasa R. Yeduru Manfred Kohl Stefan Baunack Anett Diestel Bernhard Holzapfel Ludwig Schultz Sebastian Fähler 《Acta Materialia》2010,58(9):3415-3421
In order to use the magnetic shape memory alloy Ni–Mn–Ga with its high achievable strain of up to 10% for microactuators, freestanding epitaxial films are required. Here we show that these conditions can be fulfilled when using chromium as a sacrificial layer. The low misfit towards Ni–Mn–Ga enables epitaxial growth. Furthermore, Cr can afterwards be removed selectively by wet-chemical etching and during deposition no significant interdiffusion is observed. The structure, microstructure and magnetic properties of micrometer thick films are not affected by the etching process. Films are ferromagnetic at room temperature and we observe the coexistence of non-modulated (NM) and seven layered modulated (14 M) martensite. Tensile stress–strain measurement of a freestanding bridge reveals a broad strain plateau of 12% at a twinning stress of 25 MPa, indicating reorientation of NM variants. 相似文献