Analysis of microdialysates from cancer patients by capillary electrophoresis

Microdialysis (MD) is an innovative clinical technique for measuring interstitial tissue pharmacokinetics and plasma-to-tissue transfer rates of drugs in humans. However, microdialysis requires the availability of specialized analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), which enables concentration measurements of small volume samples, theoretically constitutes an ideal analytical technique for measuring drug concentrations in microdialysates. In the present experiments, we aimed at assessing the potential utility and limitations of CE for analysis of microdialysates in a clinical situation. Microdialysates were obtained from primary breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 600 mg/m2). Subsequently, 5-FU concentrations were measured in tumor - and subcutaneous adipose tissue - microdialysates by CE. By combining MD and CE, complete time versus concentrations profiles could be obtained for 5-FU in the interstitial tumor space and important clinical questions could be addressed. We conclude that the combination of MD and CE leads to important and previously inaccessible information about the drug distribution process in a clinical setting.     

Use of misfit strain to remove dislocations from epitaxial thin films

Misfit strain can be used to drive threading dislocations out of epitaxial films and thus to improve their perfection. This process is influenced by film thickness, the orientation of the interface, the dimensions of the interface parallel to its plane, and the misfit between film and substrate. A simple theoretical model, and the experimental observations made on deposits of Ga(As, P) on GaAs, suggest that it is desirable for the film thickness to be small. This in turn implies that the misfit should be large. It should not, however, be large enough to cause dislocation nucleation. If the film is face-centered cubic, and the threading dislocations are uniformly distributed over the 〈110〉 {111} slip systems, then the most desirable interface orientations lie near {012} or {013}. If the Burgers vectors of the threading dislocations are not uniformly distributed then other interfaces may become desirable. Multilayers are able to remove threading dislocations more effectively than single films.     

Interactions and penetration of polymers and nanolatexes into wood: An overview

To develop new high performance water based acrylic coatings a core of basic knowledge is needed, covering phenomena going from penetration into wood to morphology of the coated film. An overview of the issues will be presented in the paper correlating the different problems that the development of a novel coating might present. The paper is focused in particular on one component acrylic latexes, for their ease of application, and nanolatexes, which use could contribute to new improvements. We present new preliminary results of experimental investigations where some of the main issues are addressed.     

Planar MESFET transmission wave amplifier

The authors present a quasioptical power combining transmission amplifier for increasing the power level available from solid-state circuits. Receiving and transmitting arrays of patch antennas, input/output isolation, MESFETs, bias and matching circuitry are contained on a single substrate, making monolithic millimetre-wave integration possible. The flexibility of selecting input polarisation with respect to the output while maintaining amplifier stability is demonstrated. A 24-MESFET patch antenna amplifier array is presented.<>     

修复地球表面肌肤——德国矿区生态修复再利用理论与实践

在目前资源危机日益加剧的全球城市化进程中,采矿区就像大地肌肤上的疮疤一样需要人们的呵护。德国作为工业最为发达的资本主义国家之一,在矿区修复再生领域积累了极为丰富的经验,取得了举世瞩目的成就。介绍了德国在矿区生态修复和再利用方面的一些思想理念与操作方式,以望对中国矿区修复改造相关的管理、规划设计与工程实践有所借鉴。根据其主要流程与工作内容,具体从以下4个方面展开论述:问题评估与机构安排、法律基础与规划流程、修复技术与自然过程、社会参与和功能转换。