Thermomechanical and thermodilatometric analysis of green alumina porcelain

A modulated force thermomechanical analysis (mf-TMA) and thermodilatometric analysis (TDA) of the green ceramic mixture of kaolin (27 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (50 wt.%) and feldspar (23 wt.%) up to 1000 °C is presented. The mf-TMA reflects changes during heating the green ceramics with higher sensitivity than TDA. Discrepancies between mf-TMA and TDA revealed that the elastic behavior of the green porcelain samples is determined most importantly by processes on the crystal boundaries (escaping of the water molecules at the low temperatures up to 150 °C and solid state sintering at the temperatures above 450 °C). Processes in the crystal interiors (e.g. dehydroxylation) have a lesser function. Thermodilatometric results depend more on the processes which take place inside the crystals than on the processes on the crystal surfaces.     

Isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composites: synthesis and properties

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) nanocomposites containing 0.1–3.5 wt.% multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized via in situ polymerization method with the use of C₂- and C_s- symmetry zirconocenes activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) in liquid propylene medium. Fracture morphology studies by SEM reveal different MWCNT dispersion efficiency in various polymer matrices, which arises from the catalytic peculiarities of the composite synthesis. Considerable Young’s modulus enhancement of iPP and sPP (25–66%) takes place even at low MWCNT loadings (below 0.5 wt.%). The obtained nanocomposites can find use as efficient electromagnetic shielding materials and microwave absorbing filters due to relatively low permittivity values and considerable dielectric losses in microwave range. Calorimetry data demonstrate that MWCNTs exert evident influence as nucleating agents causing the rise of iPP and sPP crystallization temperature. Considerable retardation effect on iPP thermal oxidative degradation has been observed: the temperature of maximal weight loss rate rises by ~52 °C upon incorporating only 1.4 wt.% MWCNTs.     

Transient accident analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle energy converter coupled to an autonomous lead-cooled fast reactor

The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) Brayton cycle is a promising advanced alternative to the Rankine steam cycle and recuperated gas Brayton cycle for the energy converters of specific reactor concepts belonging to the U.S. Department of Energy Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative. A new plant dynamics analysis computer code has been developed for simulation of the S-CO₂ Brayton cycle coupled to an autonomous, natural circulation lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). The plant dynamics code was used to simulate the whole-plant response to accident conditions. The specific design features of the reactor concept influencing passive safety are discussed and accident scenarios are identified for analysis. Results of calculations of the whole-plant response to loss-of-heat sink, loss-of-load, and pipe break accidents are demonstrated. The passive safety performance of the reactor concept is confirmed by the results of the plant dynamics code calculations for the selected accident scenarios.     

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. Franz Kollmann Zum 65. Geburtstag

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Arrested apoptosis without nuclear fragmentation produced by efferent duct ligation in round spermatids and multinucleated giant cells of rat testis

The apoptotic process evoked by efferent duct ligation in the testes of adult rats was followed for 10 days by differential staining for haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and a modified trichrome technique in optical microscopy and by ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase. Round spermatids showed the first effects of efferent duct ligation. At day 3 after ligation, annular clumps of chromatin with typical apoptotic characteristics appeared against the nuclear membrane of these cells. Afterwards, membranous structures and a wide separation between the two layers of the nuclear membrane were observed but nuclear fragmentation did not occur and apoptotic granules were not seen. Cytoplasmic components were also altered, and severely damaged organoids and empty vacuoles lacking acid phosphatase reaction were frequently seen. On day 2 after efferent duct ligation, multinucleated giant cells appeared, which displayed similar characteristics as spermatids and showed no acid phosphatase reaction. Although abnormal spermatids and multinucleated giant cells were surrounded by the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, neither lysosomal acid phosphatase nor phagocytic activity was detected. It is concluded that efferent duct ligation specifically affects round immature spermatids eliciting a partial nuclear apoptotic response that is not accompanied by autophagic or heterophagic activity and without lysosomal participation in Sertoli cells.     

The effect of acrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer on the depression of talc in mixed nickel mineral flotation

Copolymers of acrylamide and vinylpyrrolidinone with varying compositions have been synthesised and employed to depress talc in a model flotation system with process plant operation conditions. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the hydrophilic acrylamide homopolymer has a very low affinity for the hydrophobic talc surface, whereas vinylpyrrolidinone homopolymer strongly adsorbs onto the talc surface. Micro-flotation experiments revealed that the copolymer system can induce stronger talc depression than the homopolymer variants, with the most effective copolymer depressant having 25-30% vinylpyrrolidinone incorporation. The copolymer system is observed to have inherited the strong talc affinity of vinylpyrrolidinone polymer and the strong hydrophilic property from polyacrylamide. This combined effect facilitates the desired strong talc depression in single mineral flotation. However, this copolymer system has similar adsorption affinity on both the talc and pentlandite, hence depressing both talc and pentlandite in the mixed mineral flotation system. This research shows that a sufficient hydrophobic balance on the polymer is necessary for the adsorption and subsequent depression for talc. However, polymer with high adsorption selectivity is required to be a successful synthetic talc depressant for mixed mineral system.