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21.
Type I diabetes susceptibility genes have been identified within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p21.3 and near the VNTR/insulin region on chromosome 11p15.5. We have used polymorphic dinucleotide repeat markers to search the human genome for additional susceptibility genes in 162 type I diabetic families with an affected sibling pair. We report that an additional susceptibility gene is located on chromosome 2q31 near HOXD8 (P < 10(-5), maximum logarithm of odds score = 4.8) in an analysis of affected sibling pairs having specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and hypervariable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR)/insulin gene haplotypes (absence of high-risk HLA-DR3/4 haplotypes and presence of homozygous high-risk class I VNTR alleles). These results suggest the interaction of a minimum of three genes in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes in humans. 相似文献
22.
A two-scale evaluation concept of remediation technologies for a contaminated site was expanded by introducing life cycle costing (LCC) and economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA). The expanded evaluation index, the rescue number for soil (RNSOIL) with LCC and EIO-LCA, comprises two scales, such as risk-cost, risk-energy consumption or risk-CO2 emission of a remediation. The effectiveness of RNSOIL with LCC and EIO-LCA was examined in a typical contamination and remediation scenario in which dieldrin contaminated an agricultural field. Remediation was simulated using four technologies: disposal, high temperature thermal desorption, biopile and landfarming. Energy consumption and CO2 emission were determined from a life cycle inventory analysis using monetary-based intensity based on an input-output table. The values of RNSOIL based on risk-cost, risk-energy consumption and risk-CO2 emission were calculated, and then rankings of the candidates were compiled according to RNSOIL values. A comparison between three rankings showed the different ranking orders. The existence of differences in ranking order indicates that the scales would not have reciprocal compatibility for two-scale evaluation and that each scale should be used independently. The RNSOIL with LCA will be helpful in selecting a technology, provided an appropriate scale is determined. 相似文献
23.
Wataru Tamura Arata Yasuda Ken Suto Masasuke Hosokawa Osamu Itoh Jun-Ichi Nishizawa 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(10):1079-1084
Effects of Bi doping in PbTe liquid-phase epitaxial layers grown by the temperature difference method under controlled vapor
pressure (TDM-CVP) are investigated. For Bi concentrations in the solution, xBi, lower than 0.2 at.%, an excess deep-donor level (activation energy Ed≈0.03–0.04 eV) appears, and Hall mobility is low. In contrast, for xBi>0.2 at.%, Hall mobility becomes very high, while carrier concentration is in the range of 1017 cm−3. Inductive coupled plasma (ICP) emission analysis shows that, for xBi=1 at.%, Bi concentration in the epitaxial layer is as high as NBi=2.3–2.7 × 1019 cm−3. These results indicate that Bi behaves not only as a donor but also as an acceptor, and the nearest neighbor or very near
donor-acceptor (D-A) pairs are formed, so that strong self-compensation of Bi takes place. Carrier concentration for highly
Bi-doped layers shows a minimum at a Te vapor pressure of 2.2 × 10−5 torr for growth temperature 470°C, which is coincident with that of the undoped PbTe. 相似文献
24.
Y Tokano S Endo F Hayashi S Harada S Kobayashi H Tsuda Y Takasaki Y Kyogoku Y Arata K Okumura H Hashimoto S Hirose 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,24(2):275-281
OBJECTIVE: The ratios of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgG2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the results were compared to data obtained by ELISA. METHODS: The IgG of 11 patients with RA were prepared with a DE-52 column and the specific signals for IgG1 and IgG2 were measured by NMR. The ratios of IgG1 and IgG2 were determined by the intensity of this signal. The samples were also measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The ratios of IgG2 in patients with RA measured by NMR were increased significantly compared to controls. However, there were no significant differences in the data determined by ELISA. Thus, a discrepancy exists in the analysis of IgG2 ratios between NMR and ELISA methods. CONCLUSION: There was a discrepancy in the IgG2 ratios of patients with RA between NMR and ELISA methods, and we attribute this to a conformational difference in IgG2 in patients with RA. 相似文献
25.
Dhawan A.P. Arata L.K. Levy A.V. Mantil J. 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》1995,42(11):1079-1087
Computerized automatic registration of MR-PET images of the brain is of significant interest for multimodality brain image analysis. Here, the authors discuss the principal axes transformation for registration of three-dimensional MR and PET images. A new brain phantom designed to test MR-PET registration accuracy determines that the principal axes registration (PAR) method is accurate to within an average of 1.37 mm with a standard deviation of 0.78 mm. Often the PET scans are not complete in the sense that the PET volume does not match the respective MR volume. The authors have developed an iterative PAR (IPAR) algorithm for such cases. Partial volumes of PET can be accurately registered to the complete MR volume using the new iterative algorithm. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of MR-PET image registration are presented and discussed. Results show that the new PAR algorithm is accurate and practical in MR-PET correlation studies 相似文献
26.
The linewidth of 1.52 ?m InGaAsP lasers was measured as a function of the output power. The result shows that the linewidth is about 15 MHz when the output power is 1 mW. The FM-noise spectrum was also measured in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 MHz. The measured spectrum consists of the 1/f-noise and white-noise components. The linewidth calculated from the FM-noise spectrum is in good agreement with the measured value. 相似文献
27.
A ceramics acid, calcined at temperatures above 1000 °C, was obtained by impregnating aluminum hydroxide with aqueous ammonium
metatungstate followed by calcining in air at 1000–1200 °C (1–5 wt% W); its acidity and catalytic activity for decompositions
of toluene, ethylbenzene, and cumene are higher than those of silica-alumina. 相似文献
28.
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30.
Amon S. L. Ribeiro Anelyse Arata Nelson B. de Lima Valter Ussui Dolores R. R. Lazar 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2019,16(5):2020-2027
Conventional sintering techniques of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) ceramics have presented limitations regarding the sintering time and temperature, increasing the cost of the final dental and biomedical products. Herein, microwave sintering comes to be an interesting alternative by providing fast heating, high densification, and grain-size control. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of microwave sintering of Y-TZP dental ceramics prepared from a pre-sintered commercial block and produced from powders synthesized in a laboratorial scale by the precipitation route. The synthetized and commercial discs were submitted to microwave sintering at 1450°C and 1350°C for 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Densification, fracture toughness, grain size, and crystalline phase quantification of the sintered groups were evaluated. Both synthetized and commercial groups sintered at 1450°C for 15 and 30 minutes showed the higher densification results (98% TD). XRD quantitative phase analysis indicates that samples present 89% tetragonal and 11% cubic phases, except for the group prepared from coprecipitated powders sintered at 1450°C for 30 minutes, that presented 79% and 21% of tetragonal and cubic phases. The microwave sintering at 1450°C allows hardness and fracture toughness values comparable to conventional sintering. 相似文献