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91.
The biosurfactant's effect on the biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in the existence of glucose was researched under the circumstances of using unacclimated culture and various sludge ages. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 4-CP, the growth of biomass and specific substrate removal rates were examined under various operating conditions. When 150 mg/l concentration of 4-CP was applied, glucose and 4-CP degraded in the same period in the unacclimated bioreactors where biosurfactant was added. Nevertheless, the COD removal in the control reactor noticeably decreased and when compared with reactors which biosurfactant was added, a longer period was needed for the degradation of 4-CP in this reactor. While the complete removal of 4-CP in the control reactor eventuated on the 14th day, in the reactor which 2xcritical micelle concentration (CMC) was added the complete removal of 4-CP eventuated on the end of the 1st day. These results showed that addition of biosurfactant reduced the transient time before the steady-state. COD and 4-CP removal performances were improved by increasing the sludge age. No difference in system performance was observed at high sludge ages in the absence and presence of biosurfactant. However, the performance of the system in the presence of biosurfactant was satisfactory even at low sludge ages. That is, the system should be operated either at high sludge ages (>15 days) in the absence of biosurfactant or at low sludge ages (<15 days) in the presence of surfactants. 相似文献
92.
Ayla Kaya Betul Demirci Suleyman Doğu Muhittin Dinç 《International Journal of Food Properties》2017,20(11):2639-2644
The genus Stachys L. one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae and Stachys species are used by many people for the therapeutic value of their essential oils. In this study, water-distilled essential oil of three species of Stachys was analysed. The analysis was performed by using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems simultaneously. The major components found were hexadecanoic acid (23.7%), dodecanoic acid (11.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (10.7%) for S. sericantha P.H. Davis (endemic); α-pinene (53%), β-pinene (8.2%) for S. gaziantepensis M. Dinc and S. Do?u (endemic); Menthyl acetate (15.3%), isomenthone (15.0%), pulegone (10%), spathulenol (7.0%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.7%) for S. mardinensis (Post) R. Mill. 相似文献
93.
U?ur?Salgin Ayla??alimliEmail author Bekir?Zühtü Uysal 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(3):293-296
Supercritical fluid extraction of jojoba oil from Simmondsia chinensis seeds using CO2 as the solvent is presented in this study. The effects of process parameters such as pressure and temperature of extraction,
particle size of jojoba seeds, flow rate of CO2, and concentration of entrainer (hexane) on the extraction yield were examined. Increases in the supercritical CO2 flow rate, temperature, and pressure generally improved the performance. The extraction yield increased as the particle size
decreased, indicating the importance of decreasing intraparticle diffusional resistance. The maximum extraction yield obtained
was 50.6 wt% with a 0.23-mm particle size and a 2 mL/min CO2 flow rate at 90°C and 600 bar. Use of an entrainer at a concentration of 5 vol% improved the yield to 52.2 wt% for the same
particle size and also enabled the use of relatively lower pressure and temperature, i.e., 300 bar and 70°C. 相似文献
94.
Mehmet?Y?lmaz Sinan?E?ri Nuray?Y?ld?z Ayla??al?ml?Email author Erhan?Pi?kin 《Journal of Polymer Research》2011,18(5):975-982
Triblock (A-B-A) oligomers of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) (A) and poly(ethylene glycol) with an average molecular weight of 400
(PEG400) (B) were synthesized with three different molecular weight in the range of 2–6 kDa by changing the ratio of PEG400/ε-CL.
These oligomers were then used in dispersion polymerization of L-lactide in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as stabilizers. 5% stabilizer in the polymerization recipe allowed synthesis of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) in scCO2 in the powder form with a weight average molecular weight of around 60 kDa with polymerization yields around 80%. Interestingly,
there was almost no effect of stabilizer molecular weight on polymerization. L-lactide polymerization in scCO2 without any stabilizer was also possible but both the PLLA molecular weight and polymerization yield were lower, and the
product was as aggregates instead of powders. A stabilizer concentration of 5% in the polymerization recipe was found adequate.
Further increases in the stabilizer load resulted lower molecular weights and lower yields. 相似文献