工作性对负温防冻剂混凝土强度的影响

目前冬期施工中,巳有相关数量的大流动度的负温防冻剂混凝土替代了原有的低塑性防冻剂混凝土。但防冻泵送剂尚无明确的检验标准。为此选取两种防冻剂进行试验,结果表明无论是高效减水剂还是增加用水量改善混凝土的工作性,混凝土硬化初期的性能均受到明显影响。     

Artificial neural networks in steel-mushy aluminum pressing bonding

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Short communication: Identifying challenges and opportunities for improved nutrient management through the USDA's Dairy Agroecosystem Working Group

Nutrient management on US dairy farms must balance an array of priorities, some of which conflict. To illustrate nutrient management challenges and opportunities across the US dairy industry, the USDA Agricultural Research Service Dairy Agroecosystems Working Group (DAWG) modeled 8 confinement and 2 grazing operations in the 7 largest US dairy-producing states using the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). Opportunities existed across all of the dairies studied to increase on-farm feed production and lower purchased feed bills, most notably on large dairies (>1,000 cows) with the highest herd densities. Purchased feed accounted for 18 to 44% of large dairies' total operating costs compared with 7 to 14% on small dairies (<300 milk cows) due to lower stocking rates. For dairies with larger land bases, in addition to a reduction in environmental impact, financial incentives exist to promote prudent nutrient management practices by substituting manure nutrients or legume nutrients for purchased fertilizers. Environmental priorities varied regionally and were principally tied to facility management for dry-lot dairies of the semi-arid western United States (ammonia-N emissions), to manure handling and application for humid midwestern and eastern US dairies (nitrate-N leaching and P runoff), and pasture management for dairies with significant grazing components (nitrous oxide emissions). Many of the nutrient management challenges identified by DAWG are beyond slight modifications in management and require coordinated solutions to ensure an environmentally and economically sustainable US dairy industry.     

Proteome profiling of exosomes derived from plasma of heifers with divergent genetic merit for fertility

The current study evaluated exosomes isolated from plasma of heifers bred to have high or low fertility through developing extreme diversity in fertility breeding values, however, key animal traits (e.g., body weight, milk production, and percentage of North American genetics) remained similar between the 2 groups. The exosomes were isolated by a combined ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography approach and characterized by their size distribution (nanoparticle tracking analysis), morphology (transmission electron microscopy), and presence of exosomal markers (immunoblotting). In addition, a targeted mass spectrometry approach was used to confirm the presence of 2 exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 and flotillin 1. The number of exosomes from plasma of high fertility heifers was greater compared with low fertility heifers. Interestingly, the exosomal proteomic profile, evaluated using mass spectrometry, identified 89 and 116 proteins in the high and low fertility heifers respectively, of which 4 and 31 were unique, respectively. These include proteins associated with specific biological processes and molecular functions of fertility. Most notably, the tetratricopeptide repeat protein 41-related, glycodelin, and kelch-like protein 8 were identified in plasma exosomes unique to the low fertility heifers. These proteins are suggested to play a role in reproduction; however, the role of these proteins in dairy cow reproduction remains to be elucidated. Their identification underscores the potential for proteins within exosomes to provide information on the fertility status and physiological condition of the cow. This may potentially lead to the development of prognostic tools and interventions to improving dairy cow fertility.     

长期暴露的海工混凝土性能与显微结构分析

在青岛市黄岛区海边防波堤的潮差区和浪溅区钻取多个Φ100mm的混凝土试样.采用氯离子滴定仪、pH计、扫描电子显微镜、EDAX等仪器对氯离子分布、混凝土的碳化情况和微观结构形态进行了研究.结果表明:潮差区和浪溅区混凝土表层的总氯离子含量差不多,但相对于潮差区,浪溅区混凝土的总氯离子含量具有较陡的下降斜率和较大的部分碳化区及pH值变化范围.浪溅区混凝土表面细骨料裸露,潮差区混凝土表面细骨料部分裸露和混凝土结构疏松,且有絮状物覆盖在表面并含有大量的C,O以及N元素.浪溅区表层混凝土的氯离子扩散系数比潮差区混凝土的大,但距表面4.0cm时潮差区混凝土的氯离子扩散系数超过浪溅区.混凝土表面腐蚀严重,并有微生物或微生物代谢产物,覆盖在混凝土的表面.     

一种提高小区干扰协调中用户公平性的载波调度算法

针对LTE-Advanced系统中小区干扰协调的用户公平性问题,提出一种基于用户优先级的比例公平调度算法。该算法通过引入用户优先级因子来调节小区边缘用户与小区中心用户的载波分配,进而在保障系统吞吐量的前提下改善频谱资源受限的小区边缘用户的公平性。仿真结果表明,该算法在以系统吞吐量下降了0.7%的代价下使小区边缘平均用户数据速率提高了90%以上。     

Supplemental methionine and time of supplementation effects on ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and in situ dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance in cattle

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation and digesta kinetics. In Exp. 1, nine ruminally cannulated beef heifers (average initial BW = 527 kg) in a crossover design were fed low-quality grass hay and cottonseed meal with or without 11.4 g of supplemental methionine (polysaccharide-coated). Particulate and fluid kinetics, rate of DM and NDF disappearance, ruminal VFA and NH3 N concentrations, and pH were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine; however, ruminal purine concentration was greater (P < .05) in methionine-supplemented heifers than in unsupplemented heifers. In Exp. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (average initial BW = 622 kg) grazing a fescue pasture were allotted to one of three groups: no supplemental methionine (CON) or 11.4 g of supplemental methionine fed at 0700 (AM) or at 1200 (PM). Forage intake, particulate kinetics, ruminal fluid kinetics, pH, VFA, and NH3 N concentrations were not altered (P > .10) by supplemental methionine or supplementation time. In situ rate of DM and NDF disappearance was greater (P < .05) in supplemented steers than in CON steers; AM steers exhibited faster (P < .05) rates than PM steers. Overall, methionine supplementation of low-quality forage increased ruminal purine concentration but did not alter in situ fermentation or digesta passage, whereas supplementation at 0700, but not at 1200, of steers grazing fescue forage increased rate of NDF fermentation.     

超支化聚(酰胺-酯)/聚氯乙烯共混体系流变性能及其力学性能研究

研究了超支化聚（酰胺-酯）与聚氯乙烯共混体系的力学性能和流变性能，研究表明，在聚氯乙烯中加入超支化聚（酰胺-酯）可以有效地降低其熔融表观粘度，且在100gPVC中加入3g超支化聚合物时共混体系的拉伸强度和冲击强度均出现最大值。随着超支化聚（酰胺-酯）加入量的增多，共混体系的流动行为逐渐向牛顿型流体转变，文中还利用氢键形成机理对其结果进行了解释。     

Reversed and Anomalous Doppler Effects in Photonic Crystals and other Time-dependent Periodic Media

We predict that reversed and anomalous non-relativistic Doppler shifts can be observed under some circumstances when light reflects from a shock wave front propagating through a photonic crystal, or material with a periodic modulation of the dielectric. This theoretical prediction is generalizable and applies to wave-like excitations in a variety of periodic media. An experimental observation of this effect has recently been made (Seddon, N. and Bearpark, T. Science, 302 (2003) 1537) and we provide a brief discussion of this experiment.     

含Ga铝基牺牲阳极在干湿交替环境下的行为研究

研究了Ga含量对Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ga-Mn牺牲阳极性能的影响规律及其在干湿交替条件下的活化机制。结果表明:Ga含量在0.02%(质量分数)时,Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ga-Mn牺牲阳极在干湿交替环境下综合电化学性能最佳。金相组织观察和腐蚀产物EDS分析得出,随着Ga含量的增加,Ga在晶界处富集,由于Ga的活化作用,晶界处优先溶解造成晶粒的脱落,电流效率急剧下降;活性元素Ga和In在溶解反应时发生共同沉积现象,破坏了基体表面氧化膜的完整性和致密性,有效地维持了阳极的活性溶解。