External fixation for pelvic ring disruptions

The application of external fixation for acute treatment of unstable pelvic fractures can be a lifesaving procedure; however, it must be coordinated with other efforts of the trauma team. The patient with a pelvic fracture must be adequately resuscitated and carefully evaluated. This evaluation includes a careful physical examination and radiographic studies, which include plain films and computerized tomography. A proper evaluation enables classification of the pelvic injury and appropriate selection of patients that require acute pelvic external fixation. In this article, both open and percutaneous techniques for pin placement and fixator frame configurations are discussed.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma surrounding a squamous cell carcinoma: a case report

In adult mammals fever is associated with the reduction of blood plasma iron level. Immature mammals, however, show either a decrease (precocial animals such as guinea pig neonates) or a lack of reduction (altricial animals such as human neonates) of plasma iron in response to endotoxin. In order to determine whether this difference is connected with maturity just after delivery, plasma iron concentration, hematocrit, body temperature and body mass were measured in rat pups injected with E. coli endotoxin in doses of 50 or 200 micrograms kg-1. Rat pups, like human neonates, are altricial animals. In 7-day-old rats injection of LPS led to a dose-dependent decrease in plasma iron level. The fall in plasma iron was accompanied by changes in body temperature and body mass. The results showed that plasma iron response to endotoxin in altricial rat neonates is similar to that observed in precocial guinea pig pups.     

Cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism--A 25 year experience

Parathyroidectomy should be considered in every patient with hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism even if the symptoms are vague. Cervical exploration is a safe operation with very satisfactory results. Our experience in 214 patients over 25 years shows permanent postoperative normocalcaemia in 95% of cases with a complication rate of 2.8%. All patients with primary HPT, regardless of age or the severity of symptoms should be candidates for cervical exploration.     

Presidential reflections

Two direct methods for the diagnosis of trichinellosis were compared: trichinoscopy and artificial digestion. Muscles from 17 wistar rats, orally infected with 500 Trichinella spiralis encysted larvae were examined. From each of the following muscles: diaphragm, tongue, masseters, intercostals, triceps brachialis and cuadriceps femoralis, 648,440 larvae from 1 g samples were recovered. The linear correlation between trichinoscopy and artificial digestion was very high and significant (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001), showing that both methods for the detection of muscular larvae did not differ significantly. In both methods, significant differences were found in the distribution of larvae per gramme of muscle.     

Neurotoxicity of CI-980, a novel mitotic inhibitor

PURPOSE: To compare the simulated keratometric results of the PAR CTS and the EyeSys corneal imaging systems with Javal keratometer readings in keratoconus eyes, in eyes after corneal grafting, and in healthy eyes. SETTING: Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 69 patients divided into three groups (keratoconus; 6 to 12 months postkeratoplasty; normal corneas) treated at the cornea service. The eyes were measured with each of the three instruments. Keratometry results and number of attempts needed to obtain the results were collected. RESULTS: Thirty keratoconus, 18 transplanted, and 21 normal corneas were examined. The PAR CTS Imaged all corneas and the EyeSys, 86% (P = .000627). The PAR CTS and Javal flat and steep K-readings in all three groups were the same. The EyeSys simulated keratometry results were lower than those of Javal keratometer in the flat K (P < .00001) and steep K (P < .00001) in the normal group and in the steep K in the transplanted cornea group (P = .00823). The EyeSys also measured less astigmatism than the Javal in the normal (P = .00124) and transplanted cornea groups (P = .00376). CONCLUSION: The PAR CTS was better able than the EyeSys to provide keratometric values that agreed with those obtained with the Javal keratometer.     

Some aspects of activation and inhibition of rat brain lipoxygenase

1. Regulatory properties of lipoxygenase activity in rat brain cytosol were studied using linoleic acid (LA) as a substrate. 2. A change in the absorbance at 234 nm was biphasic when a mixture of LA and pre-formed hydroperoxide (LA-OOH) was incubated with freshly isolated native brain cytosol. Initially, a rapid depletion of LA-OOH was observed with a concomitant formation of LA-oxo compounds. This phase was followed by LA dioxygenation. 3. Both hydroperoxidase and dioxygenase activities of lipoxygenase were inhibited by micromolar concentrations of classic lipoxygenase inhibitors (phenidone, 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid). 4. The dioxygenase activity in dialysed cytsool was stimulated by nanomolar concentrations of H2O2 and micromolar concentrations of LA-OOH and it was inhibited by serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine (IC50 25-43 microM).     

Wrist fusion

Wrist arthrodesis is a reliable procedure for the treatment of a variety of disorders of the wrist. It provides predictable pain relief, enhanced hand function, and a high degree of patient satisfaction. The AO/ASIF wrist fusion plate allows rigid internal fixation and optimizes wrist position for maximum hand function. In comparison to other wrist arthrodesis techniques, the wrist fusion plate produces a high rate of fusion utilizing local bone graft from the distal radius.     

Native serotonin 5-HT3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes differ from homopentameric 5-HT3 receptors

Efficacies of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) agonists 2-methyl-5-HT, dopamine, and m-chlorophenylbiguanide on 5-HT3R native to N1E-115 cells and on homopentameric 5-HT3R expressed in Xenopus oocytes were determined relative to that of 5-HT. Efficacies of 2-methyl-5-HT and dopamine on 5-HT3R native to differentiated N1E-115 cells are high (54 and 36%) as compared with their efficacies on homopentameric 5-HT3R-A(L) and 5-HT3R-A(S) receptors expressed in oocytes (4-8%). m-Chlorophenylbiguanide does not distinguish between 5-HT3R in N1E-115 cells and in oocytes. The distinct pharmacological profile of 5-HT3R native to differentiated N1E-115 cells is conserved when poly(A)+ mRNA from these cells is expressed in oocytes. The results indicate that, apart from the known 5-HT3R subunits, N1E-115 cells express additional proteins involved in 5-HT3R function.     

CD50 monoclonal antibodies inhibit neutrophil activation

The constitutive high expression of CD50 (ICAM-3) on resting leukocytes, coupled with the observation that CD50 is the primary LFA-1 ligand on resting T cells, suggests that CD50 may be an important LFA-1 ligand in the initiation of the immune/inflammatory response. CD50 mAbs have been reported to increase homotypic adhesion of lymphocytes, and lymphocyte adhesion to HUVEC and extracellular matrix proteins. In this study, the effects of CD50 mAbs on neutrophil activation were examined. CD50 mAbs were found to inhibit neutrophil adhesion induced by FMLP and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate to resting and TNF-activated HUVEC. CD50 mAbs also inhibited neutrophil adhesion stimulated by CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d mAbs to HUVEC. CD50 mAbs inhibited the up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 to the neutrophil surface, and the down-regulation of surface CD62L expression. The potential contribution of src family kinases to the previously described tyrosine kinase activity associated with CD50 in neutrophils was also examined. hck and lyn were found to account for much of the tyrosine kinase activity associated with CD50 in neutrophils. The data indicate that CD50 in neutrophils functions not only as a potential ligand for LFA-1, but also regulates the surface expression and activity of CD11b/CD18 and CD62L. In contrast to the effects in lymphocytes, CD50 appears to function as a negative regulator of neutrophil activation.