Soft eigenvalue assignment with limited disturbance feedforward and state controller norm

The method of softly assigning eigenvalues is attractive for design problems where constraining the control effort and disturbance feedforward is more important than following the exact pole location.     

CIRED 2001: Session 6 — Management, Organisation, Qualifikation

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Persönliches

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Finite-Elemente-Analyse einer Transversalflussmaschine

An efficient and resource saving method to generate the different angular rotor positions of a transverse flux machine with a 3D finite element model is presented. The calculations are performed with the superelement analysis of the EMAS solver. From the magnetostatic results the torque-position relationships and the stray field energy in the rotor shaft are evaluated in the steady state condition for different values of the excitation current.     

Hydrolysis of an organophosphate ester by manganese dioxide

Amorphous manganese dioxide facilitates the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate to p-nitrophenol and orthophosphate despite insignificant adsorption of p-nitrophenyl phosphate or p-nitrophenol to the manganese dioxide. At pH 8, the orthophosphate product is released into solution; at pH 4 and pH 6, some remains adsorbed. The rate of hydrolysis is an order of magnitude more rapid than the same reaction facilitated by iron oxides. Because manganese dioxides are ubiquitous components of soils and sediments, this suggests the possibility of significant abiotic pathways for the formation of bioavailable orthophosphate from phosphate ester precursors.     

Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on lactational performance,feeding behavior,and digestibility in high-producing dairy cows fed a barley silage–based diet

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pretreating dairy cow rations with a fibrolytic enzyme derived from Trichoderma reesei (FETR; mixture of xylanase and cellulase; AB Vista, Wiltshire, UK) on lactation performance, digestibility, and feeding behavior in response to feeding a barley silage–based diet. Before starting the dairy trial, in vitro incubations were conducted to determine whether the addition of FETR would have an effect on these animal performance characteristics when applied to a barley silage–based diet for dairy cows. The dairy trial was performed using 8 Holstein dairy cows. The cows were blocked by parity and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments: 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mL of FETR/kg of dry matter (DM) diet in a replicated Latin square design. The pretreatment was applied to the complete diet during the mixing process. The experimental period continued for 22 d, with each experimental period consisting of a 16-d adaptation period and a 6-d sampling period. The daily feed intake of each individual cow was monitored using Insentec feed bins (RIC system, Insentec, Marknesse, the Netherlands). Feeding behavior characteristics were measured during the entire sampling period using the feed bin attendance data. Milk samples were collected in the last 3 d of each experimental period. The addition of FETR linearly increased the in vitro DM digestibility and tended to improve the in vitro digestibility of barley silage. There was a cubic effect of the enzyme levels on the total-tract DM and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Maximal digestibility was reached at 0.75 mL of FETR/kg of TMR. The milk fat yield, fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk quadratically responded to the incremental levels of FETR. The milk protein percentage linearly improved in response to FETR. Increasing FETR levels resulted in a quadratic effect on feed efficiency. There was no effect of FETR level on feeding behavior. In conclusion, pretreating dairy cow barley silage–based diet with 0.75 mL of FETR/kg of TMR increased the milk production efficiency of dairy cows fed diet containing 34% barley silage (DM basis). The positive effect of adding FETR could benefit the dairy industry in western Canada, where barley silage–based diets are common.     

Norm constraint regard for stable H2 controllers

For stable output controllers, the standard H₂ problem is modified by additionally including the H₂ controller norm.      

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