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71.
Benoit Carbain Patrick J. Collins Dr. Lori Callum Stephen R. Martin Dr. Alan J. Hay Dr. John McCauley Dr. Hansjörg Streicher Dr. 《ChemMedChem》2009,4(3):335-337
With a Hunsdiecker–Barton iododecarboxylation strategy, we converted the carboxylate group of the oseltamivir precursor into exemplary phosphonate monoesters. In all cases, Ki values towards influenza virus sialidase remained in the sub‐nanomolar range. We have thus made valuable structural space available for the design of novel oseltamivir‐based tools for influenza virus research.
72.
F. Alenazey C.G. Cooper C.B. Dave S.S.E.H. Elnashaie A.A. Susu A.A. Adesina 《Catalysis communications》2009,10(4):406-411
The reactivity of various gases, namely; O2, air, CO2, H2 and N2, with carbon deposited on alumina-supported Co–Ni catalyst during propane reforming in a fluidized bed reactor at 773–973 K using relatively low feed steam:carbon ratio (0.8–1.5) has been investigated in a thermogravimetric analysis unit. Analysis of the transient solid weight loss revealed that carbon removal mechanism is dependent on the type of gasifying agent. Carbon gasification kinetics using O2 and air followed the Avrami-Erofeev (A2) model while data for both CO2 and H2 were captured by the geometrical (contracting area, R2) model. However, carbon gasification with inert N2 proceeded at much slower rate (about 10 times lower than air) and was adequately fitted by the one-dimensional diffusion (D1) model. Specific reaction rates from these phenomenological models were also linearly correlated with the catalyst carbon content with reactivity coefficient of the gasifying agent decreasing in the order, O2 > air > CO2 > H2 > N2. In order to minimize energy consumption during catalyst regeneration, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce catalyst sintering, it would be desirable to employ a mixture of air and CO2 as the carbon gasifying agent to take advantage of the coupled exothermic (air oxidation) and endothermic (reverse Boudouard reaction involving CO2 and carbon) nature taking place during the carbon removal operation. 相似文献
73.
74.
Ana M. Díez-Pascual Mohammed Naffakh Carlos Marco M. Teresa Martínez José M. González-Domínguez Benoit Simard 《Carbon》2009,47(13):3079-2683
New poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) based composites have been fabricated by the incorporation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using melt processing. Their structure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated a more uniform distribution of the CNTs for samples prepared following a processing route based on polymer ball milling and CNT dispersion in ethanol media. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a remarkable improvement in the thermal stability of the matrix by the incorporation of SWCNTs. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a decrease in the crystallization temperature with increasing SWCNT content, whilst no significant changes were observed in the melting of the composites. The crystallite size determined by X-ray diffraction decreased at high SWCNT loading, which is attributed to the spatial limitations on crystal growth by confinement within the CNT network. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an increase in the storage moduli, hence in the rigidity of the systems, with increasing SWCNT content. Their addition shifts the glass transition peak to higher temperatures due to the restriction in chain mobility imposed by the CNTs. Higher thermal stability and mechanical strength were found for composites with improved dispersion of the SWCNTs. 相似文献
75.
Grimshaw Andrew Morgan Mark Merrill Duane Kishimoto Hiro Savva Andreas Snelling David Smith Chris Berry Dave 《Computer》2009,42(2):27-34
To expand the use of distributed computer infrastructures as well as facilitate grid interoperability, OGSA has developed standards and specifications that address a range of scenarios, including high-throughput computing, federated data management, and service mobility. 相似文献
76.
Benoit Igne Jean-Michel Roger Sylvie Roussel Vronique Bellon-Maurel Charles R. Hurburgh 《Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems》2009,99(1):57-65
Eight calibration transfer methods based on the removal of orthogonal signal were compared for the standardization of whole soybean protein and oil models. Dynamic orthogonal projection (DOP), transfer by orthogonal projection (TOP), error removal by orthogonal subtraction (EROS), orthogonal signal correction (OSC), and orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS) as well as the modification and extension of some of these methods were compared in the transfer of models in intra and inter-brand situations using two Foss Infratecs and two Bruins OmegAnalyzerGs. For each brand, a master was designated and its models transferred onto the second unit of its network and the two units of the second brand. Calibration models were transferable from brand to brand with similar or better precision than when each instrument was calibrated on its own calibration set (for Infratec 1229, the relative predictive determinant (RPD) increased in intra and inter-brand calibration transfer situations from 10.42 to 11.45 and 10.57, with DOP and EROS respectively). Performance of each method was different across parameters, instruments, and validation sets. DOP modifications on the determination of the difference matrix showed promising results while TOP and EROS extensions to include variability specifically present in certain crop years did not bring any beneficial effects. 相似文献
77.
Louis Winnubst Shen Ran Emiel A. Speets Dave H.A. Blank 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2009,29(12):2549-2557
3Y-TZP (yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia) and CuO nano powders were prepared by co-precipitation and copper oxalate complexation–precipitation techniques, respectively. During sintering of powder compacts (8 mol% CuO-doped 3Y-TZP) of this two-phase system several solid-state reactions clearly influence densification behaviour. These reactions were analysed by several techniques like XPS, DSC/TGA and high-temperature XRD. A strong dissolution of CuO in the 3Y-TZP matrix occurs below 600 °C, resulting in significant enrichment of CuO in a 3Y-TZP grain-boundary layer with a thickness of several nanometres. This “transient” liquid phase strongly enhances densification. Around 860 °C a solid-state reaction between CuO and yttria as segregated to the 3Y-TZP grain boundaries occurs, forming Y2Cu2O5. This solid-state reaction induces the formation of the thermodynamic stable monoclinic zirconia phase. The formation of this solid phase also retards densification. Using this knowledge of microstructural development during sintering it was possible to obtain a dense nano–nano composite with a grain size of only 120 nm after sintering at 960 °C. 相似文献
78.
The wireless industry is currently undergoing a major transition from second generation (2G) to third generation (3G) wireless technologies. The paper attempts to assess wireless technology migration options using the real options approach (ROA) to support the wireless network operators’ strategic decisions: to migrate or not, if so, which migration path to take. The preliminary result shows that the evolution of wireless network technologies between generations is desirable, but not within generations. Finally, from a strategic perspective, we should consider the possible challenges that may hinder migration. By identifying these challenges, we can be more watchful of transition pitfalls and can choose a better alternative. 相似文献
79.
Mark Huijben Alexander Brinkman Gertjan Koster Guus Rijnders Hans Hilgenkamp Dave H. A. Blank 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2009,21(17):1665-1677
A large variety of transport properties have been observed at the interface between the insulating oxides SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 such as insulation, 2D interface metallicity, 3D bulk metallicity, magnetic scattering, and superconductivity. The relation between the structure and the properties of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface can be explained in a meaningful way by taking into account the relative contribution of three structural aspects: oxygen vacancies, structural deformations (including cation disorder), and electronic interface reconstruction. The emerging phase diagram is much richer than for related bulk oxides due to the occurrence of interface electronic reconstruction. The observation of this interface phenomenon is a display of recent advances in thin film deposition and characterization techniques, and provides an extension to the range of exceptional electronic properties of complex oxides. 相似文献
80.
Sergei F. Burlatsky Vadim V. Atrazhev Mallika Gummalla Dave A. Condit Fuqiang Liu 《Journal of power sources》2009,190(2):485-492
Proper water management in a hydrogen-fueled polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is critical for performance and durability. A mathematical model has been developed to elucidate the effect of thermal conductivity and water vapor diffusion coefficient in the gas diffusion layers (GDLs). The fraction of product water removed in the vapor phase through the GDL as a function of GDL properties/set of material and component parameters and operating conditions has been calculated. The current model enables identification of conditions wherein condensation occurs in each GDL component. The model predicts the temperature gradient across various components of a PEM fuel cell, providing insight into the overall mechanism of water transport in a given cell design. The water condensation conditions and transport mode in the GDL components depend on the combination of water vapor diffusion coefficients and thermal conductivities of the GDL components. Different types of GDLs and water transport scenarios are defined in this work, based on water condensation in the GDL and fraction of water that the GDL removes through the vapor phase, respectively. 相似文献