Oxidation progress in an emulsion made from metmyoglobin and different triacylglycerols

Emulsions made using metmyoglobin as emulsifier and different synthetic and natural triacylglycerols (TAG), have been studied with respect to oxidation progress during 48 h at ambient temperature. The investigated model systems contained polyunsaturated TAGs of linolein (C18:2n-6, tri-LIN), arachidonin (C20:4n-6, tri-ARA), docosahexanoin (C22:6n-3, tri-DHA), salmon oil (SO) and cod liver oil (CLO). The synthetic TAGs were added in ratios of one part to nine parts trioctanoin (C8:0), yielding model composite oil systems. The total amount of volatiles, determined using dynamic headspace GC/MS, were relatively larger for tri-LIN and tri-ARA than for the marine systems during the first 6 h of observation. After 48 h of incubation, the marine oils had more total volatiles than had tri-LIN and tri-ARA. Hexanal and propanal were observed as the marker degradation compounds for n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, respectively. Myoglobin tended to aggregate in these model systems, and only for trioctanoin and tri-LIN could the protein monomer be recovered unmodified and subsequently observed using MALDI-TOF MS after 48 h of incubation. Myoglobin was only recovered after 4 h of incubation in the tri-DHA system, and it then appeared adducted with lipid fragments up to ∼1000 Da. Final oxidation (after 48 h) products from the marine lipids were trienes, most likely as alcohols or acids. The natural oils revealed a reaction pattern close to that of tri-DHA.     

Modelling of furniture experiments with zone models

The Harvard Computer Fire Code Mark V has been used to simulate full-scale furniture fires. Simulations were run with one sofa burning in the open and another burning in a small room. To obtain better agreement between experiment and simulation, changes were made in the code to include heating of the lower surfaces in the room. A simulation of a mattress test, conducted at NBS, is included. Comparison with a zone model using a different plume equation is also presented.     

Somatostatin receptor subtypes, octreotide scintigraphy, and clinical response to octreotide treatment in patients with neuroendocrine tumors

Several types of neuroendocrine tumor express high numbers of somatostatin receptors (sstr). We have compared the expression of sstr subtypes with the outcome of octreotide scintigraphy in patients with carcinoids and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in comparison with Hürthle cell tumors. The effect of sstr activation (octreotide treatment) on tumor markers was also studied in patients with disseminated carcinoid tumors. Six patients with carcinoid tumors (four midgut and two foregut), and three patients with thyroid tumors (one MTC, one Hürthle cell carcinoma, and one Hürthle cell adenoma) were studied. Octreotide scintigraphy visualized tumor sites in all nine patients. Macroscopic tumor was verified at these sites at subsequent surgical exploration. Using Northern blotting and subtype-specific riboprobes, sstr could be detected in all tumors examined. All five sstr subtypes were detected in most of the carcinoid tumors. All six carcinoids expressed sstr2. This was in contrast to the findings for the thyroid tumors analyzed, which also expressed several sstr subtypes but in some cases lacked expression of sstr2. This was also the case for normal thyroid tissue. Clinically, octreotide treatment of the patients with midgut carcinoid tumors resulted in palliation of hormonal symptoms accompanied by a significant reduction of urinary 5-HIAA levels (28-71%). These results indicate that carcinoid tumors frequently express all five sstr subtypes. The thyroid tumors also expressed multiple sstr but could lack expression of sstr2. Nevertheless, these tumors were visualized by octreotide scintigraphy, indicating that sstr2 expression is not a prerequisite for tumor imaging.     

Glucagonoma. A tumor disease with multiple clinical manifestations]

Glucagon-producing neoplasms are rare pancreatic tumours that may give rise to a characteristic syndrome including, diabetes and typical skin manifestations (necrolytic migrating erythema). Dermatological problems are often the first signs of the disease and the diagnosis is easily overlooked. In most series reported to date, glucagonomas had already metastasized at diagnosis, which means that curative surgery was possible to perform in less than half of the patients. To increase awareness of glucagonoma symptomatology a review of the syndrome is presented together with the clinical histories of three patients, recently treated. These cases illustrate aspects of modern diagnosis and treatment.     

TearSim: A two-phase model addressing hot tearing formation during aluminum direct chill casting

A two-phase mathematical model for the study of hot tearing formation is presented. The model accounts for the main phenomena associated with the formation of hot tears, i.e., the lack of feeding at the late stages of solidification and the localization of viscoplastic deformation. The model incorporates an advanced viscoplastic constitutive model for the coherent part of the mushy zone, allowing for the possibility of dilatation/densification of the semisolid skeleton under applied deformation. Based on quantities computed by the model, a hot tearing criterion is proposed where liquid feeding difficulties and viscoplastic deformation at the late stages of solidification are taken into account. The model is applied to study hot tearing formation during the start-up phase for direct-chill (DC) casting of extrusion ingots, and to discuss the effect of different phenomena and process parameters. The modeling results are also compared to experimentally measured hot tearing susceptibilities, and the model is able to reproduce known experimental trends such as the effect of the casting speed and the importance of the design of the starting block.     

Semi‐global regulation of output synchronization for heterogeneous networks of non‐introspective,invertible agents subject to actuator saturation

In this paper, we consider the semi‐global regulation of output synchronization problem for heterogeneous networks of invertible linear agents subject to actuator saturation. That is, we regulate the output of each agent according to an a priori specified reference model. The network communication infrastructure provides each agent with a linear combination of its own output relative to that of neighboring agents, and it allows the agents to exchange information about their own internal observer estimates while some agents have access to their own outputs relative to the reference trajectory.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sudan Red G as an adulterant in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Zusammenfassung Eine rote Substanz wurde aus einer tanzanianischen Gelbwurzelprobe (Curcuma Tonga L.) isoliert und durch Röntgen-Einkristall-Analyse als Azofarbstoff Sudanrot G (1-(2-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol) identifiziert. Die Konzentration des Pigments in der Droge war 0,09%, aus UV-spektroskopischen Daten berechnet.

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Sudan Red G as an adulterant in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Summary A red substance was isolated from a Tanzanian sample of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and identified by X-ray single crystal analysis as the azo dye Sudan Red G (1-(2-methoxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol). The concentration of the dye in the spice was 0.09%, as calculated from the UV spectrum.

     

Experimental study of thermal breakdown products from halogenated extinguishing agents

Thermal breakdown products from four different fire extinguishing agents have been analysed. The agents studied were: bromotrifluoromethane (Halon 1301), pentafluoroethane (HFC 125), heptafluoropropane (HFC 227ea) and dodecafluoro-2-methyl-pentane-3-one (C₆F-ketone). In the tests, the studied agent was introduced into a propane flame in a diffusion flame burner. The combustion products were analysed using both conventional IR-techniques and FTIR. It could be concluded that for all four extinguishing agents that the extinguishing agent takes part in the combustion process resulting in production of CO and CO₂, which was also confirmed by the increase in smoke production with increasing amounts of agent introduced into the flame. Production of HF and COF₂ was found in experiments with all four extinguishing agents. In experiments with Halon 1301, the production of HBr was also determined. It was found that the main fraction of fluorine ends up as HF for HFC 227ea and HFC 125 at lower relative application rates. When approaching extinguishing concentrations, the fraction recovered as COF₂ increases, but the total recovery of fluorine, including HF and the remaining part of the fluorine, is found in various organic breakdown products. The recovery of fluorine as HF and COF₂ for the C₆F-ketone is lower compared to HFC 227ea and HFC 125. There is a clear difference in the recovery of fluorine for Halon 1301 where an almost quantitative recovery as HF or COF₂ is found. Halon 1301 additionally contains bromine, which, to a large extent, is recovered as HBr.     

"Measurement of two social competence aspects in middle childhood": Correction to Rydell et al. (1997).

Reports an error in "Measurement of two social competence aspects in middle childhood" by Ann-Margret Rydell, Berit Hagekull and Gunilla Bohlin (Developmental Psychology, 1997[Sep], Vol 33[5], 824-833). On page 825, Method section, 4th paragraph, line 2, the sentence incorrectly reads, "The county sample consisted of 423 children (M =8 years 5 months, SD =3 years 3 months), constituting 71% of a randomly selected sample of children born in 1986 and living in a county in the middle of Sweden." The correct standard deviation in age in the county sample is 3 months. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1998-00632-009.) The psychometric properties of a rating measure for parents and teachers for social competence, conceptualized as social skills and behaviors, were studied. The rating measure was constructed from factor analyses on 4 samples of school-age children. Factor analyses identified 2 moderately correlated competence aspects, valid for both sexes and for children from varying socioeconomic backgrounds. The first factor, Prosocial Orientation, captured a style promoting positive social interactions; the second factor, Social Initiative, described initiative as opposed to withdrawal in social situations. Scales based on the 2 factors showed reliability in internal consistency and stability across 1 year, validity in interrater agreement concurrently and across 1 year, correspondence with observed peer behavior, and the capacity to discriminate between children of different peer status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Convergences and discrepancies between the policy of inclusionary housing and Norway’s liberal housing and planning policy: an institutional perspective

Inclusionary housing brings together housing supply policies and social housing policies. This article contrasts this combination of policies to a situation where the two policies are kept separate. Drawing on theory of institutional change, the article highlights constitutional, organisational and cultural aspects of inclusionary housing policy and compares this with the features of a policy where inclusionary housing is not adopted. The article seeks to assess similarities and discrepancies between the English version of inclusionary housing and Norway’s housing and planning policy. The planning law and practices, the policy for housing affordability, financial support systems, actors and organisations are assessed and compared. The article concludes that if Norway wanted to implement ICH, it would be possible to customise the planning practices and finance schemes, but new organisations would have to be established. On top of that, there are also cultural divergences between the policy regimes that would need to be regarded.