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排序方式: 共有2087条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Mutation Testing in the Refinement Calculus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bernhard K. Aichernig 《Formal Aspects of Computing》2003,15(2-3):280-295
This article discusses mutation testing strategies in the context of refinement. Here, a novel generalisation of mutation testing techniques is presented to be applied to contracts ranging from formal specifications to programs. It is demonstrated that refinement and its dual abstraction are the key notions leading to a precise and yet simple theory of mutation testing. The refinement calculus of Back and von Wright is used to express concepts like contracts, useful mutations, test cases and test coverage. 相似文献
42.
Bernhard Klinger 《Computing》1997,59(3):223-236
We investigate quasi-Monte Carlo integration for functions on thes-dimensional unit cube having point singularities. Error bounds are proved and the theoretical results are verified by computations
using Halton, Sobol’ and Niederreiter sequences.
Supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (Project 10223-PHY). 相似文献
43.
In a vehicle tracking system computers aboard moving vehicles determine periodically their geographical position and transmit it to a control center. This paper presents a commercial vehicle tracking system as an example of a distributed real-time system with mobile components and focuses on the issue of clock synchronization. The mobile components of the system obtain highly accurate timing information from the Global Positioning System which is used to synchronize their local clocks to UTC world time. Thus a tight clock synchronization is achieved without imposing additional load on the communication channels of the system. 相似文献
44.
Marc Rennhard Sandro Rafaeli Laurent Mathy Bernhard Plattner David Hutchison 《Electronic Commerce Research》2004,4(1-2):83-111
The lack of privacy is one of the main reasons that limits trust in e-commerce. Current e-commerce practice enforces a customer to disclose her identity to the e-shop and the use of credit cards makes it straightforward for an e-shop to know the real identity of its customers. Although there are some payment systems based on untraceable tokens, they are not as widely used as credit cards. Furthermore, even without buying anything, a customer is already disclosing some information about who or where she may be by just connecting to the e-shop's web server and leaving behind an IP-address. In this paper, we present novel components that enable secure pseudonymous e-commerce. On the one hand, these components allow a customer to browse through an e-shop, select goods, and pay the goods with her credit card such that neither the e-shop operator nor the credit card issuer nor an eavesdropper is able to get any information about the customer's identity. On the other hand, it is guaranteed that none of the involved parties is able to act dishonestly during the credit card payment. Such a system could greatly enhance trust in e-commerce since it overcomes the customers' privacy concerns. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the life cycle of decentralized smart contracts, i.e. digital and executable representations of rights and obligations in a multi-party environment. The life cycle relies on blockchain technology, i.e. a distributed digital ledger, to ensure proper implementation and integrity of the smart contracts. The life cycle consists of four subsequent phases: Creation, freezing, execution, and finalization. For each phase actors and technological services are identified and explained in detail. With the life cycle at hand, risks and limitations of smart contracts and the underlying blockchain technology are briefly discussed. 相似文献
48.
49.
Ohne ZusammenfassungVortrag, gehalten auf der Tagung der Gesselschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Fachgruppe Lebensmittelchemie, in München am 23. September 1949. 相似文献
50.
ao.Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. Friedrich Schöberl DI Bernhard Zeiringer Mag. Christian Moritz 《?sterreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft》2014,66(5-6):190-205
The EU Water Framework Directive commits member states to achieve good ecological status in all waterbodies. Artificial or heavily modified waterbodies must reach at least its good ecological potential. In view of these requirements, simple and feasible methods are required in order to evaluate habitat suitability for relevant target species in larger river reaches. Well-developed models for determining the relationship between stream flows and habitat for target species mainly based on micro- and meso-scale already exist. However, the application of such models is complex and time-consuming and consequently limited to relatively short river segments. The objective of this study is to develop a simplified applicable assessment model to evaluate habitat conditions for selected target fish. This model uses hydro-morphological indicators for the habitat assessment and relies on correlative relations between habitat suitability and hydro-morphological features of river stretches (average Froude-number, relative flow width, mean bed slope, relative water depth and flow velocity). The indicators were determined as reach-related averages, derived from 2D model simulations (hydraulic and habitat-specific). Particular emphasis was laid on using a wide range of river stretches with different hydro-morphological characteristics (hydrology, bed substratum, bed structures, degree of braiding, sinuosity of the river course, mean bed width and bed slope). As a result, a set of model equations enables the evaluation of fish habitat conditions in river stretches as a function of flow and morphology. The habitat suitability assessment focuses on four preselected target species: brown trout, European grayling and for low slope rivers common nase and barbel. 相似文献