Weitere Erfahrungen bei der Blaus?uredurchgasung

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem Hygienischen Staatsinstitut Hamburg.     

Zur Nitratreaktion bei Milchprodukten

Zusammenfassung Wir haben die für die Abfüllung von Milchprodukten benützten Kartonpapiersorten auf ihren Nitratgehalt untersucht. Die untersuchten Kartonsorten zeigten schwankenden, aber unbedeutenden Nitratgehalt, der in erster Linie von den verschieden hohen Nitratgehalten der Fabrikationswässer abhängig ist. In den untersuchten Fällen wurde die Aufnahme von Nitraten durch Sauerrahm aus solchen paraffinierten Kartonbechern nachgewiesen. Die Herkunft dieser weit über den ursprünglichen Nitratgehalt der Kartons hinausgehenden Nitratmenge lag in dem zur Herstellung der Becher benützten, stark nitrathaltigen Stärkekleister. In solchen Fällen fallen somit die an die Nitratreaktion geknüpften Folgerungen (Wässerung, Verschmutzung) weg. Daher ist bei der Beurteilung der Milchprodukte auf Grund der Nitratreaktion auf diesen Umstand acht zu geben.Da solche Kartonbehälter auch zur Abfüllung anderer Lebensmittel verwendet werden (Honig, Senf, Marmelade usw.), behalten wir uns vor, unsere Untersuchungen auch auf dieses Gebiet auszudehnen.     

Fixed mesh front‐tracking methodology for finite element simulations

A direct front‐tracking method using an Eulerian–Lagrangian formulation is developed in two space dimensions. The front‐tracking method is general in that it can track any type of interface once its local velocity is specified or has been determined by calculation. The method uses marker points to describe the interface position and tracks the interface evolution on a fixed finite‐element mesh, including growth, contraction, splitting and merging. Interfacial conditions are applied directly at the interface position. The method is applied to three scenarios that involve different interface conditions and are based on energy and mass diffusion. The three calculations are for the dendritic solidification of a pure substance, the cellular growth of an alloy, and the Ostwald ripening of silica particles in silicon. Numerical results show that very complicated interface morphologies and topological changes can be simulated properly and efficiently. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Agility through discipline: a debate

While Beck asserts that agility is only possible through greater discipline on the part of everyone involved, Boehm counters that you don't broaden the definition of "discipline" by rejecting parts of it. Yet, from inside extreme programming, it seems that the only way to achieve the desired results is to view the world in 'both-and" terms instead of "either-or" terms.     

Balloon dilatation in acute myocardial infarct in routine clinical practice: results of the register of the Working Society of Leading Cardiologic Hospital Physicians in 4,625 patients

Balloon angioplasty as the treatment of first choice in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is gaining widespread acceptance because of favourable results from specialised centres concerning high patency rates and low mortality. This study reports the results of angioplasty for AMI at large community hospitals during 1992-1995. 4625 procedures were performed at 68 centres of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Kardiologischer Krankenhaus?rzte (ALKK). The age of the patients was 60.8 +/- 11.3 years, with 75.1% men. The infarct related artery was the left anterior descendent in 43%, the right coronary artery in 37%, the circumflex artery in 16%, a bypass graft in 2.3% and the left main stem in 1.4% of patients. The success rate (residual stenosis < 50%) of the intervention was 86%. There was a wide range of procedures per centre, with a median of 40 AMI angioplasties per year and centre. The amount of angioplasties for AMI in relation to all angioplasties performed during this period rose from 5.2% in 1992 to 5.9% in 1995 (p = 0.01). Local complications at the puncture site occurred in 3.2%, with the need for a surgical intervention in 1.1% of patients. In 273 (5.9%) of the patients a second angioplasty was performed during the hospital stay. Aortocoronary bypass surgery was performed in 3% of the patients. Hospital mortality was 9.5% (438/4625 patients). The mortality rate remained constant during the years investigated (1992: 10.6%; 1993: 8.6%; 1994: 9.7%; 1995: 9.8%; p = ns). Higher mortality was observed in older patients, patients with multiple vessel disease, the left anterior descending artery or a bypass graft as infarct related artery as well as in patients with failed reperfusion (residual stenoses > 50%). Hospitals with a case load of more than 40 angioplasties for AMI per year showed a lower mortality as compared to the others. In clinical practice at large community hospitals results of angioplasty for AMI concerning mortality, complications and technical success rate are comparable to those of highly specialised centres. The absolute numbers of angioplasties for AMI increased constantly over the years.     

Kinetocardiotocography--follow-up of diazepam poisoning

Report about continuous fetal monitoring of heart rate and movements 9-30 hours after diazepam-intoxication. in an early stage after intoxication fetal movements are associated with FHF-decelerations, later on with accelerations. A sinusoidal like pattern may be caused by fetal suckling movements.     

Dynamic thermographic imaging for estimation of regional perfusion in the tuberculin reaction in healthy adults

A sensitive method for measurement of the volume of blood flow through the skin, based on the kinetics of reheating after localised cooling, is described in this paper. This method has been used to study the tuberculin reaction as a model of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DHS) in man. Over the positive reaction there is accelerated reheating similar in kinetics and extent to that seen after maximal hyperaemia induced by intradermal injection of histamine or prostaglandin E2. The earlier phase of reheating (10-100 s) is more dependent on blood flow, whereas the later phase (100-300 s) is apparently more dependent on non-perfusion heat exchange mechanisms, including conduction. The reheat kinetic method is largely dependent on blood flow in the deep dermal vessels (diameter > 50 microns), whereas the alternative approach of measurement of the velocity of flow of erythrocytes in the microcirculation by laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry gives results biased towards the most superficial dermal circulation. Previous studies with LD flowmetry have shown that the blood velocity is greatest at the centre of weak and strong reactions, while in the most intense reactions it is raised at the centre but maximal at the periphery (central relative slowing, CRS) raising the possibility of central ischaemia. The reheat kinetics approach has now indicated that the deep dermal circulation is not impaired in CRS reactions. It is concluded that there must be partial obstruction of the parts of the microcirculation communicating between the deep and superficial dermal plexuses, presumably from the accumulation of exudate oedema in the most intense tuberculin reactions.     

CMOS on FZ-high resistivity substrate for monolithic integration ofSiGe-RF-circuitry and readout electronics

The choice of a highly resistive substrate for silicon millimeter-wave integrated circuits (SIMMWIC) imposed by the requirement of low RF-substrate losses requires the adaptation of a CMOS process on float zone silicon (FZ). A comparison of n- and p-channel devices realized on high resistivity substrate (p-type, 5000 Ω·cm) and standard CMOS substrates (CZ, n-type, 4-6 Ω·cm) is given. Using careful process design, we obtained device characteristics on FZ-substrates that are closely similar to those on standard material, thus allowing direct transfer of existing circuit designs