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51.
52.
Larval stages of the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella can completely destroy the surface of horse chestnut leaves, Aesculus hippocastanum. This study investigated the effect of the degree of leaf browning caused by the insect’s larvae on olfactory detection, aggregation, and oviposition of C. ohridella adults. The influence of A. hippocastanum flower scent on oviposition of the first generation was also evaluated. Utilizing gas chromatography coupled with parallel detection by mass spectrometry and electroantennography (GC-MS/EAD), more than 30 compounds eliciting responses from antennae of C. ohridella were detected. Oviposition and mining by C. ohridella caused significant changes in the profile of leaf volatiles of A. hippocastanum. After oviposition and subsequent mining by early larval stages (L1–L3), substances such as benzaldehyde, 1,8-cineole, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, methyl salicylate, (E)-β-caryophyllene, and (E,E)-α-farnesene were emitted in addition to the compounds emitted by uninfested leaves. Insects were able to detect these compounds. The emitted amount of these substances increased with progressive larval development. During late larval stages (L4, L5) and severe loss of green leaf area, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, (E/Z)-linalool oxide (furanoid), nonanal, and decanal were also released by leaves. These alterations of the profile of volatiles caused modifications in aggregation of C. ohridella on leaves. In choice tests, leaves in early infestation stages showed no significant effect on aggregation, whereas insects avoided leaves in late infestation stages. Further choice tests with leaves treated with single compounds led to the identification of substances mediating an increase or decrease in oviposition. 相似文献
53.
Carina A. Lämmle Adam Varady Thorsten G. Müller Dr. Caterina Sturtzel Michael Riepl Bettina Mathes Jenny Eichhorst Dr. Anje Sporbert Dr. Martin Lehmann Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Kräusslich Dr. Martin Distel Dr. Johannes Broichhagen 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(3):548-556
Selective targeting of DNA by means of fluorescent labeling has become a mainstay in the life sciences. While genetic engineering serves as a powerful technique and allows the visualization of nucleic acid by using DNA-targeting fluorescent fusion proteins in a cell-type- and subcellular-specific manner, it relies on the introduction of foreign genes. On the other hand, DNA-binding small fluorescent molecules can be used without genetic engineering, but they are not spatially restricted. Herein, we report a photocaged version of the DNA dye Hoechst33342 (pcHoechst), which can be uncaged by using UV to blue light for the selective staining of chromosomal DNA in subnuclear regions of live cells. Expanding its application to a vertebrate model organism, we demonstrate uncaging in epithelial cells and short-term cell tracking in vivo in zebrafish. We envision pcHoechst as a valuable tool for targeting and interrogating DNA with precise spatiotemporal resolution in living cells and wild-type organisms. 相似文献
54.
ABSTRACTRecent grants of legal rights to rivers would seem to infuse traditional anthropocentric river governance with greater eco-centrism. Through a thought experiment, we scrutinize this proposition for the Rhine basin. We consider the governance implications of granting (procedural/material) rights to the river and elaborate on their implications for the three highly institutionalized regimes of the Rhine River of water quality, flooding and transport. Since we find that a shift to more eco-centrism has already occurred and since the right granted to the river would not be absolute, we deem radical transformations unlikely. 相似文献
55.
Humidity Sensors: Lithium Tin Sulfide—a High‐Refractive‐Index 2D Material for Humidity‐Responsive Photonic Crystals (Adv. Funct. Mater. 14/2018)
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56.
Fränz Zeimetz Bettina Schaefli Guillaume Artigue Javier García Hernández Anton J. Schleiss 《Water Resources Management》2018,32(8):2625-2638
Extreme flood estimates for dam safety are routinely obtained from hydrologic simulations driven by selected design storms. The temporal structure of such design storms can be obtained from Rainfall Mass Curves (RMCs), which are adimensionalized curves of the cumulative precipitation depth as a function of event duration. This paper assesses for the first time the spatialand temporal variability of observed RMCs for Switzerland, an Alpine region with complex topography. The relevance of the detected RMC variability for extreme flood estimation is illustrated based on an application to a high elevation catchment, the Mattmark dam catchment in the Swiss Alps. The obtained results underline that quantile RCMs represent a simple yet powerful tool to construct design storms for dam safety verification and that regional, seasonal and event-duration effects on RMCs are small enough to justify the use of a unique set of Swiss-wide quantile RMCs. The presented analysis could be refined in the future by explicitly accounting for orographic, convective or frontal precipitation events. 相似文献
57.
Bettina Bock von Wülfingen 《Centaurus; international magazine of the history of science and medicine》2019,61(4):379-404
While symbolic colour use has always played a conspicuous role in science research and education, the use of colour in historic diagrams remains a lacuna in the history of science. Investigating the colour use in diagrams often means uncovering a whole cosmology that is not otherwise explicit in the diagram itself. The periodic table is a salient and iconic example of non‐mimetic colour use in science. Andreas von Antropoff's (1924) rectangular table of recurrent rainbow colours is famous, as are Alcindo Flores Cabral's (1949) application of colour in his round snail form, using the RGB scheme, and Mazurs's (1967) pine tree system, consisting of warm and cold colours that he attributed to specific groups of elements—an attribution that we can relate back to humoralism and alchemy. From the first periodic tables in the 19th century, individual researchers have used different colour regimes. While standardization may play an obvious role in chemistry and its diagrams, all the more impressive is the anarchistic use of colour in the various diagrams which continue to be created. This article focuses on periodic tables in chemical journals and text books, and explores and compares the development of colour codes found in the few existing polychrome diagrams from the 1920s to the 1970s. 相似文献
58.
Toward an Aqueous Solar Battery: Direct Electrochemical Storage of Solar Energy in Carbon Nitrides
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Filip Podjaski Julia Kröger Bettina. V. Lotsch 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(9)
Graphitic carbon nitrides have emerged as an earth‐abundant family of polymeric materials for solar energy conversion. Herein, a 2D cyanamide‐functionalized polyheptazine imide (NCN‐PHI) is reported, which for the first time enables the synergistic coupling of two key functions of energy conversion within one single material: light harvesting and electrical energy storage. Photo‐electrochemical measurements in aqueous electrolytes reveal the underlying mechanism of this “solar battery” material: the charge storage in NCN‐PHI is based on the photoreduction of the carbon nitride backbone and charge compensation is realized by adsorption of alkali metal ions within the NCN‐PHI layers and at the solution interface. The photoreduced carbon nitride can thus be described as a battery anode operating as a pseudocapacitor, which can store light‐induced charge in the form of long‐lived, “trapped” electrons for hours. Importantly, the potential window of this process is not limited by the water reduction reaction due to the high intrinsic overpotential of carbon nitrides for hydrogen evolution, potentially enabling new applications for aqueous batteries. Thus, the feasibility of light‐induced electrical energy storage and release on demand by a one‐component light‐charged battery anode is demonstrated, which provides a sustainable solution to overcome the intermittency of solar radiation. 相似文献
59.
60.
Lithium Tin Sulfide—a High‐Refractive‐Index 2D Material for Humidity‐Responsive Photonic Crystals
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Katalin Szendrei‐Temesi Olalla Sanchez‐Sobrado Sophia B. Betzler Katharina M. Durner Tanja Holzmann Bettina V. Lotsch 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(14)
Extending the portfolio of novel stimuli‐responsive, high‐refractive‐index (RI) materials besides titania is key to improve the optical quality and sensing performance of existing photonic devices. Herein, lithium tin sulfide (LTS) nanosheets are introduced as a novel solution processable ultrahigh RI material (n = 2.50), which can be casted into homogeneous thin films using wet‐chemical deposition methods. Owing to its 2D morphology, thin films of LTS nanosheets are able to swell in response to changes of relative humidity. Integration of LTS nanosheets into Bragg stacks (BSs) based on TiO2, SiO2, nanoparticles or H3Sb3P2O14 nanosheets affords multilayer systems with high optical quality at an extremely low device thickness of below 1 µm. Owing to the ultrahigh RI of LTS nanosheets and the high transparency of the thin films, BSs based on porous titania as the low‐RI material are realized for the first time, showing potential application in light‐managing devices. Moreover, the highest RI contrast ever realized in BSs based on SiO2 and LTS nanosheets is reported. Finally, exceptional swelling capability of an all‐nanosheet BS based on LTS and H3Sb3P2O14 nanosheets is demonstrated, which bodes well for a new generation of humidity sensors with extremely high sensitivity. 相似文献