Automated enzymatic determination of starch in meat products

Summary An automated method is described for the enzymatic determination of starch in some meat products. After solubilization with dimethylsulfoxide/hydrochloric acid, the starch was automatically determined with amyloglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) and hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1)/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) using a Technicon AutoAnalyzer II System. The analyses could be performed at a rate of forty samples per hour. The results agree very well with those obtained by the polarimetric method.

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Eine automatisierte enzymatische Bestimmung der Stärke in Fleischerzeugnissen

Zusammenfassung Eine automatische Methode zur enzymatischen Bestimmung der Stärke in Fleischerzeugnissen wird beschrieben. Nach Lösung in einer Dimethylsulfoxide/Salzsäure-Mischung, wurde Stärke mittels Amyloglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) and Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1)/Glukose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) mit Hilfe des Technicon AutoAnalyzers II automatisch bestimmt. Diese Methode ermöglicht 40 Proben pro Std. zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse stimmen gut mit den Analysenwerten der polarimetrischen Bestimmung überein.

     

The reports of (behavior modification's) death are greatly exaggerated.

Responds to L. Krasner's (1976) eulogy on the death of behavior modification (BHM) and denies the death or anything approaching a moribund state of BHM. Parents are used as an example that BHM is alive and well. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conformity, veridicality, and self-esteem.

Prior to the application of group pressure to conform to an erroneous consensus in the Blake-Brehm procedure of counting auditory clicks, a control series was administered in the absence of social pressure to ascertain sheer counting accuracy in 2 groups of experimental Ss selected to differ in the degree of their measured self-esteem. Low self-esteem Ss were found to be significantly less accurate than high self-esteem Ss in counting accuracy under the nonsocial conditions. The results highlight the importance of controlling for competency in conformity research, particularly in studies utilizing such personality variables as self-esteem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The measurement of leadership in white and Negro women students.

A comparison of personality traits and other characteristics of leaders and non-leaders in two southern colleges for women, Agnes Scott for white and Spelman for Negro students, is made. The materials used are the Good-enough Speed-of-Association Test, the Bernreuter Personality Inventory, and other collateral information. Small, but statistically significant, differences exist between leaders and non-leaders within a college. These differences are "definitely and reliably greater than are the differences between the two races." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prediction of leadership in a simulated industrial task.

Ss high and low in dominance were selected with the CPI Dominance (Do) scale and confronted with a simulated industrial task which could be solved best by 1 person assuming a leader role and the other following his instructions. When the instructions emphasized the task, the High Do Ss did not assume the leader role significantly more often than the Low Do Ss. When leadership was emphasized, however, the High Do Ss assumed the leader role in 90% of the pairs. It is concluded that the CPI Do scale has predictive validity when leadership is made salient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gender differences in moral reasoning.

Explored the possibility that socialization into different sex roles for men and women may contribute to the observed sex difference in moral development. 40 undergraduates were classified as either masculine, feminine, or androgynous according to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and were administered the Moral Judgment Interview (MJI). For half the Ss, the central character in the MJI dilemmas was a male and for the remaining half, a female. Results reveal that males, when judging from the perspective of a female character, provided reasons for her actions congruent with the Stage 3 level of moral reasoning. However, for the same action portrayed by a male character, reasons for his behavior were in accord with Stage 4. No difference for the female judges was found between the characters of either sex. Regardless of the protagonist's sex, Ss scored at Stage 3. Ss' moral reasoning did not differ according to their sex-role classification. Males, however, held more strongly than females the belief that male decisions on morality are based on law-and-order reasoning, and female decisions are made from an emotional perspective. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transfer of fluency across repetitions and across texts.

Three experiments examined transfer of reading fluency across repeated readings of the same text and across related but different texts with a total of 102 college students. In Exp 1, it was found that a paraphrase that altered the syntactic structure of sentences but not the lexical identity of main concepts or the unfolding of the message was reprocessed as an unchanged repetition. However, when the paraphrase altered the lexical identity of main concepts, there was a loss in the repetition benefit. In Exps 2 and 3, there was transfer from a representation of 1 text to the reading of a 2nd text only if the messages were continuous. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of episodic text representations on reading fluency. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Organic aerosol spatial/temporal patterns: perspectives of measurements and model

Ambient measurements from SEARCH and model results from CMAQ-MADRID are analyzed side by side for the southeastern United States to understand the strengths and weaknesses of an air quality model in reproducing key spatial and temporal patterns related to organic aerosol (OA), with inferences regarding secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The model predicts a larger difference in OA concentrations between an urban (JST) and a rural site (YRK) than indicated by measurements. Modeled OA concentrations at JST and YRK are more strongly correlated than measurements. On average, models may understate urban OA emissions, while overstating urban SOA production; measurements indicate that SOA production takes place on the regional scale. Modeled diurnal fluctuations for OA are stronger than measured, due partially to overestimations of the temperature dependence parameters (deltaH(vap)) for SOA in the model. Urban-rural differences in the composition of SOA, inferred from the variations of estimated deltaH(vap), are not properly captured by the model, which does not represent multiple generations of SOA or varied reaction pathways as a function of chemical regimes. Model results are hampered by day-of-the-week and diurnal allocation issues related to EC and OA emissions. Top quintile (20%) afternoon OA concentrations are observed in both warm and cold seasons at the urban site. The frequency of high OA in the cold season is overstated in the model. The model predicts the warm vs cold season frequency of elevated OA episodes better at YRK than at JST, suggesting that regional emissions, chemistry, and transport are better simulated than urban processes.     

Photoelectrochemical properties of porous silicon based novel photoelectrodes

Porous silicon interfaces have been modified with nitrided TiO₂ (TiON) nanoparticles to develop highly efficient photoelectrodes. Photoelectrodes were prepared by impregnating the electrochemically prepared porous silicon microchannels with titanium oxynitride. Photocatalytic measurements were carried out on titanium oxynitride particles in water‐methanol mixture and the results showed a dependence on the nitrogen concentration. Among the photoelectrodes used for photocurrent measurements, porous silicon impregnated with TiO₂ nitrided at 600 °C showed maximum photocurrent increase after exposure to sunlight‐type radiation. The enhancement in photocurrent was one order more for the porous silicon/titanium oxynitride hetero‐structure than that of polished silicon/titanium oxynitride hetero‐structure. Photoelectrodes thus prepared were found to have stable performance for a period of six months. This observation promises the possibility of using porous silicon/titanium oxynitride hetero‐structures as efficient electrodes for photovoltaic cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.