Nitric oxide-synthesising neurons in the central subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius provide a major innervation of the rostral nucleus ambiguus in the rabbit

We describe an intramedullary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) neural pathway that projects from the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) to the rostral nucleus ambiguus (NA) in the rabbit. With the use of NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and NOS immunohistochemistry, a compact group of NOS-positive perikarya was identified in the central subnucleus of the NTS dorsomedial to the tractus solitarius and rostral to the obex. A dense network of NOS terminals was seen in the rostral NA. We investigated whether NOS terminals in the NA derive from NOS perikarya in the central NTS and whether the central NOS pathway links esophageal afferents and efferents. In some rabbits, the central NTS was unilaterally lesioned. In others, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was injected into the central NTS, or cholera toxin-gold was injected into the NA, or cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the wall of the esophagus. The medulla was subsequently processed to demonstrate PHA-L, cholera toxin-gold, HRP, and NOS reactivity. Seven days after the NTS lesion, we observed a marked decrease in the density of NOS terminals in the ipsilateral NA. After injection of PHA-L into the central NTS, a dense group of PHA-L fibres was seen in the rostral NA, principally ipsilaterally. Afferent fibres from the esophagus were found around the NOS cell bodies in the central NTS, and many of these NOS neurons were double labeled with cholera toxin-gold after injection of this tracer into the NA. NOS terminals were found around NA neurons that were retrogradely labelled from the esophagus. We conclude that the NOS neurons in the central NTS act as interneurons in a central pathway connecting esophageal afferents and efferents.     

基于经验模态分解的转子启动波德图绘制

提出利用经验模态分解的方法来绘制转子启动的波德图。此波德图能够准确地体现转子启动的动态信息,从而克服了手工绘制波德图时由于间断采样使得数据在临界转速不准确的缺点。同时,针对经验模态分解的边缘效应,采用了一种基于等斜率的新方法,即增加极值点的斜率和临近极值点的斜率相等,与其它的边缘值处理方法相比较,该方法不仅利用了信号的内部特征,而且拥有计算简单的优点。     

办公楼钻孔灌注桩桩基承载力研究

本文拟应运用有限元分析方法,以泥岩地基的工程为例,探讨了实际工程中的钻孔灌注桩的承载力,并根据实际情况设定了参数,进行了数值模拟研究,结合实际测得值进行了对比。结果表明,这类数值模拟结果可信,可作为相关参考。     

用于海洋水文数据无线传输的GPRS模块设计

GPRS传输模块的设计采用低功耗单片机MSP430F149为主控芯片,通过主控芯片发送AT指令控制内嵌TCP/IP协议的GSM/GPRS模块SIM900B来实现模块的各项功能。本文着重说明该模块在海洋水文数据传输中的应用,重点解决模块的硬件电路设计、短消息收发和GPRS网络连接等问题。     

Effect of dispersion on adsorption of atrazine by aqueous suspensions of fullerenes

With the widespread application of fullerenes, it is critical to assess their environmental behaviors and their impacts on the transport and bioavailability of organic contaminants. The effects of fullerene particle size, chemistry of the solution, and natural organic matter on the adsorption of atrazine by aqueous dispersions of fullerenes (C(60)) were investigated in this work. The results showed that the Polanyi-Manes model could fit the adsorption isotherms well. Smaller sizes of fullerene particles led to increased available sites and, consequently, enhanced the adsorption of atrazine on C(60). However, intensely dispersed C(60) systems might not possess suitably high adsorptive capacities due to surface chemistry change. Adsorption of atrazine by aqueous dispersions of C(60) increased with a decrease in the pH of the solution. Introduction of humic acid significantly reduced the size of the C(60) particles, and resulted in the increase of the adsorption amount. Fullerene materials, once released into the aquatic environment, are inclined to form aqueous suspensions with different degrees of dispersion, which would greatly affect the transport and fate of organic contaminants.     

Antimicrobial edible apple films inactivate antibiotic resistant and susceptible Campylobacter jejuni strains on chicken breast

Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. Many strains are now becoming multidrug resistant. Apple‐based edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde were evaluated for bactericidal activity against antibiotic resistant and susceptible C. jejuni strains on chicken. Retail chicken breast samples inoculated with D28a and H2a (resistant strains) and A24a (a sensitive strain) were wrapped in apple films containing cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol at 0.5%, 1.5%, and 3% concentrations, and then incubated at 4 or 23 °C for 72 h. Immediately after wrapping and at 72 h, samples were plated for enumeration of viable C. jejuni. The antimicrobial films exhibited dose‐ and temperature‐dependent bactericidal activity against all strains. Films with ≥1.5% cinnamaldehyde reduced populations of all strains to below detection at 23 °C at 72 h. At 4 °C with cinnamaldehyde, reductions were variable for all strains, ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 logs and 1.8 to 6.0 logs at 1.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Films with 3% carvacrol reduced populations of A24a and H2a to below detection, and D28a by 2.4 logs at 23 °C and 72 h. A 0.5‐log reduction was observed for both A24a and D28a, and 0.9 logs for H2a at 4 °C at 3% carvacrol. Reductions ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 logs and 0.4 to 1.2 logs with 1.5% and 0.5% carvacrol at 23 °C, respectively. The films with cinnamaldehyde were more effective than carvacrol films. Reductions at 23 °C were greater than those at 4 °C. Our results showed that antimicrobial apple films have the potential to reduce C. jejuni on chicken and therefore, the risk of campylobacteriosis. Possible mechanisms of antimicrobial effects are discussed. Practical Application: Apple antimicrobial films could potentially be used in retail food packaging to reduce C. jejuni commonly present on food.     

Application of lysine, taurine, disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate in fermented cooked sausages with 50% replacement of NaCl by KCl

The effects of 50% replacement of NaCl by KCl and addition of the amino acids lysine and taurine and the 5'-ribonucleotide disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate on some sensory and physicochemical parameters of fermented cooked sausages were evaluated. The partial replacement of NaCl by KCl did not alter the manufacturing process; however, defects in the sensory quality were detected. Lysine at a concentration of 0.313% and a mixture of taurine (750 mg/kg) with disodium inosinate (300 mg/kg) and disodium guanylate (300 mg/kg) reduced the sensory defects caused by KCl, allowing the fermented cooked sausages to be elaborated with reduced sodium content and high sensory quality.     

鲁棒的单类协同排序算法

单类协同过滤(One-class collaborative filtering, OCCF)问题是当前的一大研究热点.之前的研究所提出的算法对噪声数据很敏感,因为训练数据中的噪声数据将给训练过程带来巨大影响,从而导致算法的不准确性.文中引入了Sigmoid成对损失函数和Fidelity成对损失函数,这两个函数具有很好的灵活性,能够和当前最流行的基于矩阵分解(Matrix factorization, MF)的协同过滤算法和基于最近邻(K-nearest neighbor, KNN)的协同过滤算法很好地融合在一起,进而提出了两个鲁棒的单类协同排序算法,解决了之前此类算法对噪声数据的敏感性问题.基于Bootstrap抽样的随机梯度下降法用于优化学习过程.在包含有大量噪声数据点的实际数据集上实验验证,本文提出的算法在各个评价指标下均优于当前最新的单类协同排序算法.     

OSOD:一个油田开发规划优化决策系统

油田开发规划是一项复杂的系统工程,在一定投资下,要使得利润最大、产量最大,并且尽量降低成本,需要通过数学规划的方法进行科学合理的决策。为此,该文开发了油田开发规划优化决策系统,可以作为长期或短期油田开发规划的决策工具。     

Effect of correlations of the experimental data on the errors in evaluated neutron cross sections

This work concerns the underestimation of the errors in the recommended neutron cross sections obtained by using strict statistical methods to analyze measurements. It is shown that one reason for this is inadequate representation of the initial experimental data, specifically, correlations of the experimental data are neglected. The effect of correlations of the experimental data on the error in the evaluated neutron cross sections is studied using realistic models and practical examples. Special attention is focussed on correlations of measurements performed by different authors. Analysis of correlations of this kind substantially increases the errors in the evaluated cross sections. Analysis of the model examples shows that the correction can be large (∼70%) even for cases with relatively weak correlation of the measurements performed by different authors. For the evaluated cross sections of the reactions¹⁰³Rh(n, n′)^103mRh and²³⁷Np(n, f) the corrections reach 41% and 25% for certain energy ranges. 5 figures, 1 table, 22 references. Federal Science Center of the Russian Federation—A. I. Leipunskii Physics and Power-Engineering Institute. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 40–46, January, 1990.