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991.
This review discusses the recent development and current state of the textile coloration industry in Vietnam. With an overview of the textile and garment industry, focus is also on the garments and raw materials that are available for import/export. In addition, the main problems facing the coloration industry are covered, along with measures to improve the competitive advantage of the industry. Finally, environmental concerns and challenges for the future are reviewed. 相似文献
992.
993.
Liu J Erassov A Halina P Canete M Nguyen DV Chung C Cagney G Ignatchenko A Fong V Emili A 《Analytical chemistry》2008,80(20):7846-7854
Tandem mass spectrometry is the prevailing approach for large-scale peptide sequencing in high-throughput proteomic profiling studies. Effective database search engines have been developed to identify peptide sequences from MS/MS fragmentation spectra. Since proteins are polymorphic and subject to post-translational modifications (PTM), however, computational methods for detecting unanticipated variants are also needed to achieve true proteome-wide coverage. Different from existing "unrestrictive" search tools, we present a novel algorithm, termed SIMS (for Sequential Motif Interval Search), that interprets pairs of product ion peaks, representing potential amino acid residues or "intervals", as a means of mapping PTMs or substitutions in a blind database search mode. An effective heuristic software program was likewise developed to evaluate, rank, and filter optimal combinations of relevant intervals to identify candidate sequences, and any associated PTM or polymorphism, from large collections of MS/MS spectra. The prediction performance of SIMS was benchmarked extensively against annotated reference spectral data sets and compared favorably with, and was complementary to, current state-of-the-art methods. An exhaustive discovery screen using SIMS also revealed thousands of previously overlooked putative PTMs in a compendium of yeast protein complexes and in a proteome-wide map of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. We demonstrate that SIMS, freely accessible for academic research use, addresses gaps in current proteomic data interpretation pipelines, improving overall detection coverage, and facilitating comprehensive investigations of the fundamental multiplicity of the expressed proteome. 相似文献
994.
Selective noncovalent adduct protein probing (SNAPP) mass spectrometry was recently developed to study solution-phase conformations of proteins by exploiting the specific affinity between 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) and lysine side chains. To obtain more detailed information about protein tertiary structure, a novel noncovalent cross-linking reagent with two 18C6 molecules bridged by a covalent phenyl linker (called PBC for phenyl bis-crown) was synthesized. PBC introduces a distance constraint into SNAPP experiments where pairs of lysine side chains that are held in proximity by tertiary structure should be the most favored binding sites. Application of this method to ubiquitin reveals that PBC can bind to one lysine in a monodentate fashion or bind to two lysines via a bidentate interaction. Comparison with 18C6 can be used to reveal the mode of binding. For the native state of ubiquitin, bidentate binding of PBC is not observed. The partially denatured A-state, however, contains a single pair of lysines that are both chemically available and spaced by less than approximately 19 A (the maximum distance spanning the crown ether binding sites in PBC). Collision-induced dissociation and site-directed mutagenesis reveal that the bidentate PBC attaches to K29 and K33, which is in agreement with previous structural data on the A-state of ubiquitin. PBC is shown to be an effective probe of protein structure in SNAPP experiments, although assigning the specific residues to which PBC is attached can be experimentally challenging. 相似文献
995.
The separation and detection of the major protein-protein and protein-metal complexes of erythrocytes directly from cell lysate under native conditions has been accomplished for the first time using capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS). All three major protein-protein and protein-metal complexes in human red blood cells (RBCs) with a concentration dynamic range of approximately 3 orders of magnitude were successfully detected. Intact complexes detected in lysed RBCs included carbonic anhydrase II (CAII-Zn at approximately 0.8 amol/cell) complexed with its zinc cofactor, carbonic anhydrase I (CAI-Zn at approximately 7 amol/cell) complexed with its zinc cofactor, and hemoglobin A (Hb-tetramer at approximately 450 amol/cell)a tetramer formed by two alpha-beta-subunits and four heme groups. The average molecular weights measured for these complexes were consistent with their theoretical values within 0.01% mass accuracy. The use of Polybrene as a self-coating reagent in conjunction with ammonium acetate at pH approximately 7.4, narrow capillary for high separation efficiency, and forward polarity CE to avoid acid production at the tip of the capillary were overriding experimental factors for successful analysis of protein complexes. Diluting the lysed blood sample in ammonium acetate for a minimum of 6 h before injecting the sample into the CE was essential for obtaining the mass accuracy consistent with their theoretical average molecular weights. At physiological pH, the mass spectrum of the electrophoretic peak of Hb-tetramer included a small amount of the monomers and Hb-dimer. The migration time and peak profile of these species were almost identical to that of the tetramer, indicating that they are formed from decomposition of the Hb-tetramer during the ESI process. A separate electrophoretic peak for the Hb-dimer was only detected when the pH of the BGE was lowered from 7.4 to approximately 6.6. Running CE in forward polarity mode was essential for detection of the intact Hb-tetramer as well as CAI-Zn and CAII-Zn complexes. Under forward polarity mode, CE outlet/ESI shared electrode acts as the cathode of the CE circuit and the anode (positive voltage for positive ions) of the ESI circuit, thereby maintaining approximately neutral pH at the CE outlet/ESI electrode. In addition, under forward polarity mode, CAII-Zn and CAI-Zn migrated ahead of Hb-tetramer, avoiding being masked by 562x and 64x, respectively, molar excess of Hb-tetramer. 相似文献
996.
In this paper, a prototype of a new generation of Raman spectrometers, based on the use of a monochromator, a digital micromirror device as light modulator, and a photomultiplier tube as detector of the Raman light, is described. This spectrometer, containing no moving parts, is inexpensive, robust, and very precise. New in concept, this spectrometer makes it possible to record, in addition to classical Raman spectra, the intensity at several selected points of the spectrum and/or the total intensity in several selected intervals at the same time with great accuracy, thus giving new possibilities for analytical applications. Also, the work presented demonstrates the possibilities of this very simple prototype for rapid on-line industrial analysis, with an example of quantitative analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of xylene isomers. The precision obtained is satisfactory (errors of prediction approximately 3% in 5-6 seconds per sample). 相似文献
997.
D. Martel H. Nguyen Cong M. Molinari J. Ebothé I. V. Kityk 《Journal of Materials Science》2008,43(10):3486-3490
Polypyrrole submonolayers are formed on three different supports: indium oxide (In2O3), indium tin oxide (ITO) and tin oxide (SnO2). It is seen that this formation is a function of the nature of the substrates. Nanometric film scale has been checked by
AFM measurements. These polypyrrole submonolayers allowed self-assembling with polyoxometalate and played a determining role in the adsorption characteristics. 相似文献
998.
Hung Nguyen‐Xuan Stéphane Bordas Hung Nguyen‐Dang 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2008,74(2):175-208
A stabilized conforming nodal integration finite element method based on strain smoothing stabilization is presented. The integration of the stiffness matrix is performed on the boundaries of the finite elements. A rigorous variational framework based on the Hu–Washizu assumed strain variational form is developed. We prove that solutions yielded by the proposed method are in a space bounded by the standard, finite element solution (infinite number of subcells) and a quasi‐equilibrium finite element solution (a single subcell). We show elsewhere the equivalence of the one‐subcell element with a quasi‐equilibrium finite element, leading to a global a posteriori error estimate. We apply the method to compressible and incompressible linear elasticity problems. The method can always achieve higher accuracy and convergence rates than the standard finite element method, especially in the presence of incompressibility, singularities or distorted meshes, for a slightly smaller computational cost. It is shown numerically that the one‐cell smoothed four‐noded quadrilateral finite element has a convergence rate of 2.0 in the energy norm for problems with smooth solutions, which is remarkable. For problems with rough solutions, this element always converges faster than the standard finite element and is free of volumetric locking without any modification of integration scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
Chengyu Niu Fuchao Wang Greg Magsamen Binh Le Brian Stephenson 《Thin solid films》2008,516(8):1826-1831
For via structures landed on aluminum lines, a significant increase of via resistance has been observed if the titanium (Ti) via liner is introduced by the ionized metal plasma (IMP) vapor deposition method instead of the standard physical vapor deposition method. To understand the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon, the reaction between the IMP deposited Ti and the aluminum under-layer has been studied. The experimental results indicate that during IMP-Ti deposition, energetic titanium ions react with the aluminum under-layer, forming a resistive titanium aluminide (TiAlx) layer. This reaction can be further enhanced by accelerating the titanium ions with a more negative substrate bias. The existence of this TiAlx layer at the via interface contributes to the elevated via resistance that has been observed at subsequent electrical parametric testing. 相似文献
1000.
按照欧洲ECE R66法规,建立了客车整车有限元模型,利用LS_DYNA软件模拟了客车侧翻时车身的动态响应。针对原车身结构侧翻存在的问题,提出了基于管内填充方法的结构改进方案,并进行了仿真分析和试验验证。仿真及试验结果表明,在适当位置的矩形钢管内填充石蜡、松香或环氧树脂与木屑及固化剂的混合物,都可使车身上部结构刚度提高。考虑到高温时的稳定性,环氧树脂与木屑及固化剂的混合物效果更佳。改进后的客车车身骨架在侧翻时没有与乘员生存空间发生相互穿透,满足法规要求。 相似文献