Generativity and social motives in young adults.

Different forms of generativity in the writings of E. H. Erikson (1950/1963) and J. Kotre (1984) were related to agentic and communal motives in a sample of young adults (M?=?28 yrs old). For women, the power motive related to parenting, whereas the achievement motive was associated with forms of generative expression outside of the household. The opposite pattern of achievement and power motive relationships was found for men, although in a weaker form. The affiliation–intimacy motive, on the other hand, related both to women's parenting and societal concerns. Differences in expectations and opportunities for young men and women may account for these gender differences. The results for women support D. P. McAdams's (1988) suggestions that agency and communion are important for understanding generativity. In addition, the results provide evidence that people begin to grapple with generative issues as young adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Numerical investigation of nitriding of refractory metals (with account of the phase constitution diagrams for metal-gas systems)

A mathematical model of dissolution of gas in a metal is suggested with account of phase formation in accordance with the phase constitution diagram (PCD). The stage-by-stage saturation process to the final product formation is shown for an individual particle, through which a reaction wave passes, depending on the diffusion permeability of the metal and solubility conditions that obey Sieverts's law. The effect of the filtration supply of the oxidant to the reaction zone and the process exothermicity on the course of the process is shown.Institute of Structural Macrokinetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 447–450, October, 1993.     

Parental bonding and mental health in adolescence

Attachment between parent and child plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the child. Accordingly disturbances in parental bonding will be linked with the development of mental disorders later in life. The present study examines the relationship between parental bonding and mental health in healthy adolescents. Participants were 847 Israeli high school students who completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the General Well-Being (GWB), the Perceived Social Support (PSS), and the Social Desirability scale (SDS). In general, Israeli adolescents reported more parental care and less control than did Australian adolescents and adults. Female subjects reported more maternal care than did males. Subjects who reported high care and low control (optimal bonding) reported less distress, better general well-being and better social support that did all other groups. In contrast, those who reported low care and high control (affectionless control bonding) had the highest BSI scores and the lowest GWB and PSS scores. These results are in line with Bowlby's theory of attachment. They also show that specific configuration of parental bonding are linked with distress and isolation in adolescents.     

Measuring knowledge transfer between fields of science

In this paper we report on the results of an exploratory study of knowledge exchange between disciplines and subfields of science, based on bibliometric methods. The goal of this analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider knowledge exchange between disciplines at a global level, by analysing cross-disciplinary citations in journal articles, based on the world publication output in 1999. Among others a central position of the Basic Life Sciences within the Life Sciences and of Physics within the Exact Sciences is shown. Limitations of analyses of interdisciplinary impact at the journal level are discussed. A second topic is a discussion of measures which may be used to quantify the rate of knowledge transfer between fields and the importance of work in a given field or for other disciplines. Two measures are applied, which appear to be proper indicators of impact of research on other fields. These indicators of interdisciplinary impact may be applied at other institutional levels as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tunneling spectroscopy of palladium-barium emitters

The surface of a palladium-barium cathode was studied using scanning probe microscopy techniques. Data from the tunneling spectroscopy showed the pattern of the electron work function distribution over a microscopic region on the emitter surface. This pattern is compared to the distribution of various phases in the palladium-barium alloy employed.     

A practical controller for explicit rate congestion control

This paper examines congestion control for explicit rate data networks. The available bit rate (ABR) service category of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks serves as an example system, however, the results of this paper are applicable to other explicit rate systems as well. After a plant model is established, an adaptive control strategy is presented. Several algorithm enhancements are then introduced. These enhancements reduce convergence time, improve queue depth management, and reduce parameter bias. This work differentiates itself from the other contributions in the area of rate-based congestion control in its balanced approach of retaining enough complexity as to afford attractive performance properties, but not so much complexity as to make implementation prohibitively expensive     

A Collection of Papers and Memoirs Celebrating the Contribution of Rod Burstall to Advances in Computer Science

Formal Aspects of Computing are dedicated to Professor Rod Burstall, and, as a collection of papers, memoirs and incidental pieces, form a Festschrift for Rod. The contributions are made by some of the many who know Rod and have been in uenced by him. The research papers included here represent some of the areas in which Rod has been active, and the editors thank their colleagues for agreeing to contribute to this Festschrift.     

Structure and properties of porous silicon obtained by photoanodization

The results of an investigation of layers of porous silicon (PS), which was obtained by electrochemical etching of p-Si under different illumination conditions — natural light, incandescent light, and light from a mercury lamp with and without a filter — are reported. The structure of the layers was studied by double-crystal x-ray diffractometry, the composition was monitored by means of the IR absorption spectra, and the radiative properties were monitored according to the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was established that electrochemical etching under illumination produces PS with a higher porosity and more intense PL whose maximum is shifted into the short-wavelength region. These changes are accompanied by a large disordering of the structure and an increase in the oxygen content in the layer. It is concluded that illumination accelerates the chemical interaction of PS with the electrolyte due to oxidation. High-porosity porous silicon stored in air exhibits quenching of PL. Conversely, PL is excited in layers with a lower porosity. Aging of PS is characterized by an increase in the microdeformation of the layers, a decrease in the crystallite sizes with a partial loss of coherence between the crystallites and the substrate, and an increase in the fraction of the amorphous phase. Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 31, 1261–1268 (October 1997)