Oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS: randomized comparison of fluconazole versus nystatin oral suspensions

A total of 167 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis were randomly assigned to receive 14 days of therapy with liquid suspension fluconazole (100 mg once daily) or liquid nystatin (500,000 U four times daily). At day 14, 87% of the fluconazole-treated patients were clinically cured, as opposed to 52% in the nystatin-treated group (P < .001). Fluconazole eradicated Candida organisms from the oral flora in 60%, vs. a 6% eradication rate with nystatin (P < .001). The fluconazole group had fewer relapses noted on day 28 (18%, vs. 44% in the nystatin group; P < .001). This relapse difference no longer existed by day 42. Fluconazole oral suspension as a systemic therapy was more effective than liquid nystatin as a topical therapy in the treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients and provided a longer disease-free interval before relapse.     

Adolescent Gambling: Relationships With Parent Gambling and Parenting Practices.

This study explored the possible links between family risk factors (i.e., parent gambling and parenting practices) and adolescent gambling. A community sample of 938 adolescents (496 females and 442 males) completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA; K. C. Winters, R. Stinchfield, & J. Fulkerson, 1993b) along with a questionnaire assessing parenting practices. Both parents completed the SOGS (H. R. Lesieur & S. B. Blume, 1987). Results showed that adolescent gambling frequency was related to both parents' gambling frequency and problems. However, adolescent gambling problems were linked only to fathers' severity of gambling problems. Low levels of parental monitoring enhanced adolescents' risk of getting involved in gambling activities and developing related problems. A higher level of inadequate disciplinary practices was also related to greater gambling problems in youth. These links were significant after controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, and impulsivity- hyperactivity problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Structure dependent charging process in RF MEMS capacitive switches

The paper investigates the dependence of charging process on the dielectric charging of radiation induced defects in Si₃N₄ and SiO₂ dielectric films, which are used in RF-MEMS switches. The radiation has been performed with 5 MeV alpha particles. The assessment has been carried out in Metal-Insulator-Metal capacitors with the thermally stimulated depolarization currents and discharge current transient methods. This allowed monitoring the defects introduction as a function of radiation fluence. The defects electrical characteristics that are the activation energy and corresponding depolarization time constant were determined from the evolution of the thermally stimulated current spectra and the transient response of discharge currents at different temperatures.     

Das Verhältnis der Stabilisotopen18O und16O zur Beurteilung von Auslandswein

The relation of the stabile isotopes¹⁸O/¹⁶O was determined as deviation from an internationally accepted standard (Delta-value in per mil.; standard SMOW) with SIRA in 359 wines of Tunis, Portugal, Greece, Italy, Spain and Hungary. The determined relation is primary influenced by the geografical latitude of the wine region. The influence of the year and the climatic effect of certain areas increases from the south to the north. The results of individual climatical homogeneous areas are combined. They can serve as provisional base of knowledge in order to indicate the addition of water and false declarations of the origin of wines. Furthermore, information is given about the Delta-values of the ground-water of different regions, which are completely negative. Examples were given how to quantify the addition of water by using the Delta-values of authentic wines and ground-water. Some examples for falsification of wines are described. What ist further needed for using the¹⁸O/¹⁶O-ratio in the routine analysis of wines is discussed.     

Structure of the common channel signalling network

This paper presents the results of a research on the organisation of common channel signalling network CCITTn° 7 for the French network. It proves that for economical and reliability reasons, one should choose a structure with an assignment of each signalling point to the two transfert points with which its traffic affinity is greater, instead of the classical duplicated transfer point structure.     

Positional isomers of unsaturated fatty acids in rat liver lipids

The fatty acids of liver lipids from rats raised on a fat free diet from the 30th to the 90th day after birth were analyzed with special regard to the detection of positional isomers of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraenoic fatty acids. The methyl esters obtained after transesterification of total lipids were separated by argentation chromatography into five fractions: I saturated, II monoenoic, III dienoic, IV dienoic nonmethylene interrupted, V triand tetraenoic fatty acid esters. After hydroxylation of the double bonds with osmium tetroxide, the analysis of the poly-O-trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas liquid chromatography on S.C.O.T. columns combined with mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 19 monoenoic, 15 dienoic, and 9 trienoic as well as 3 tetraenoic fatty acid isomers including the normally occurring representatives of the (n−3), (n−6), (n−7), and (n−9) fatty acid families. The majority of the identified isomers can be coordinated to one of these families like 7–16∶1; 11–20∶1; 6,9–18∶2; 8,11–20∶2; 5,11–20∶2; 5,8,11–20∶3; 7,10,13–22∶3 to the (n−9) family, 11–18∶1; 13–20∶1; 5,11–18∶2; 7,13–20∶2; 6,11–18∶2; 6,9–16∶2; 8, 11–18∶2; 10,13–20∶2; 5,8,11–18∶3; 7,10,13–20∶3; 4,7,10,13–20∶4 to the (n−7) family and 11,14–20∶2; 5,11,14–20∶3; 6,9,12–18∶3; 8,11,14–20∶3; 5,8,11,14–20∶4; 7,10,13,16–22∶4 to the (n−6) family. All these naturally occuring isomers can be placed into a network of desaturation and chain elongation steps which allows certain conclusions about the substrate specificity of the Δ6-, Δ5-and Δ4-desaturase systems. The great number of isomers found in the (n−7) family indicates that the members of this family are actively metabolized in partial essential fatty acid deficiency.     

Relations between oil,nitrogen, and gossypol in cottonseed kernels

Summary A study was made of the relations between oil, nitrogen, and gossypol contents of cottonseed kernels from the seed of eight commercial varieties of cotton grown at 13 locations during three years. Both variety of seed and environment had a highly significant influence on each constituent whether expressed as percentage of the kernel or as weight of constituent per 100 kernels. Each variety showed a significant positive correlation between oil and gossypol and significant negative correlations between oil and nitrogen and between gossypol and nitrogen, on the basis of percentage-constituent in the kernel. The amount of both oil and nitrogen elaborated in the kernel tends to be related to the size of the kernel; each of these constituents increases with increased kernel size. The highly significant positive relationship between grams of oil and grams of gossypol per 100 kernels which is evident even when nitrogen is held constant can be explained on the basis that these two constituents are synthesized during the same stage of seed development. Rainfall or temperature had no significant over-all influence on the nitrogen content of the kernels. Grams of nitrogen per 100 kernels showed a significant negative correlation with mean minimum temperature for 5 of the varieties but was not significantly correlated with total rainfall during the maturation period for any of the varieties. Grams of oil and gossypol per 100 kernels tended to increase with increasing rainfall and decrease with increasing mean temperature. The ratio of nitrogen to gossypol is negatively correlated with the oil content of the kernels. The variation attributed to varietal influence decreases as the oil content of the kernel increases. It is postulated that high ratios are desirable for the production of meals containing a low free-gossypol content. Presented before the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Houston, Tex., April 23–25, 1956. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Simulation des performances d'un réfrigérateur solaire à adsorption: 2. Fonctionnement avec stockage de froid dans deux climats différents

The models described in this article simulate the solid-adsorption cycles of a solar refrigerator. They are used for calculating the performances of the refrigerator as a function of the climatic conditions, and thus optimizing its operation and sizing. The results show that for the same season the performances of the refrigerator are different for the climates of Rabat and Marrakesh. The study of the cold storage shows that, although the annual mean cold production is similar for both sites, the distribution of cooling-shortage days is totally different. In contrast with Rabat, where the problem of cold storage is due to sequences of successive days with low incident solar energy, the problem in Marrakesh is due to high values of ambient temperature during quite a long period of the year, which reduce significantly the refrigerator performances.     

Advances in pre-hospital care: the technology of emergency medical services

These four examples of technology and its relationship to pre-hospital care will be reviewed: portable defibrillators, pneumatic antishock garment, 911 systems with computer-aided dispatch, and aeromedical transport.     

II. Yeast sequencing reports. Sequence analysis of a 78·6 kb segment of the left end of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II

We report the sequence analysis of a 78,601 bp DNA segment on the left arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This 78·6 kb segment spans the region from the start of a subtelomeric Y′ element up to the ILS1 gene. It contains 49 open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 100 amino acids length including 14 internal and five overlapping ORFs. The gene density, excluding the internal ORFs, was calculated as one ORF per 2·2 kb. Eight ORFs (PKC1, TyA, TyB, ATP1, ROX3, RPL17a, PET112 and ILS1) correspond to previously characterized genes. ORF YBL0718 was identified as CDC27; YBL0706 as TEL1. Four other ORFs show strong similarities to already known genes. The gene product of YBL0838 is 60% identical to the ribosomal protein RPL32 from rat, mouse and man. YBL0701 encodes a protein with significant similarity to the initiation factor eIF2 associated p67 glycoprotein from rat. Eight ORFs were disrupted and the resulting yeast strains analysed with respect to their phenotype. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database under the Accession Number X79489.