Forensically Robust Detection of the Presence of Morpholine in Apples—Proof of Principle

Morpholine is a precursor of carcinogenic nitrosamines and although the possibility of their formation in the human stomach after ingestion of morpholine-treated apples is reported as highly unlikely morpholine has not been authorised as a food additive in the EU. Methods for its detection are required since it is permitted in other jurisdictions and may be present on food through direct treatment of fruit with waxes containing the compound, through steam treatment during processing or from packaging. Methods using derivatising agents with the inclusion of UV chromophores such as dansyl chloride yield good separation and high sensitivity but with mass spectrometric fragment ions predominantly originated from the derivatising group rather than the morpholine moiety. An amine acetylation derivatisation method is proposed from which fragment ions originating from the morpholine group are detected using widely available GC–MS. With full validation, a forensically robust confirmation of the presence of morpholine via its N-acetyl derivative is possible in support of regulatory analysis.     

28—CAM-TO-NEEDLE IMPACT FORCES IN WEFT-KNITTING PART V: GUARD-CAM IMPACT

The significance of guard-cam impact with respect to needle damage is briefly discussed, and a simplified theoretical analysis of guard-cam impact is derived.     

Polystyrene-poly(2-ethylhexylmethacrylate) block copolymers: Synthesis,bulk phase behavior,and thin film structure

Anionic polymerization was employed to synthesize well-defined diblock copolymers of polystyrene and poly(2-ethylhexylmethacrylate), PS-PEHMA. Diblock morphologies in bulk and in substrate-supported thin films were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. PS-PEHMA diblocks exhibited thermotropic order-disorder transitions; one diblock showed a thermoreversible transition between lamellae and a higher-temperature morphology assigned as perforated lamellae. Unlike PS-poly(alkylmethacrylate) diblocks where the alkyl group is n-butyl or n-pentyl, PS-PEHMA diblocks showed a typical decreasing Flory interaction parameter with increasing temperature. Thin films of PS-cylinder-forming PS-PEHMA diblocks showed a strong preference for the cylinders to lie in the plane of the film; films of incommensurate thickness readily formed terraces. Films of commensurate thickness were easily aligned over macroscopic areas through the application of mechanical shear.     

3—CAM-TO-NEEDLE IMPACT FORCES IN WEFT-KNITTING PART IX: NEEDLE-TO-LATCH IMPACT

A simplified mathematical analysis is made of the motion of the latch as the needle passes down the stitch cam. Two practical cases are considered: (i) when the latch retains contact with the previously formed loop of yarn as it rises towards the needle head; and (ii) when the yarn moves with a stick–slip motion such that the latch loses contact with the yarn. It is shown that among possible methods for reducing latch impact are a reduction in latch mass, a reduction in the stitch-cam angle during the period when the latch is closed, and a reduction in the latch length; an improved latch design is also suggested.     

Viscous dissipation and apparent wall slip in capillary rheometry of ice cream

We have analysed sets of capillary rheometry data (0.3 s^?1 ≤ γ_app ≤ 360 s^?1) for a commercial ice cream as it flowed from a freezer on an industrial flow line. Pressure drop measurements were used and particular attention was paid to viscous dissipation effects. A semi-analytical model presented by Bird in 1955 indicated that over one third of the data points were subject to local wall heating, which was consistent with available temperature measurements. The filtered data were used to construct a viscosity function which, when implemented in a detailed CFD simulation of the flow, predicted the observed flow curve behaviour. The results demonstrate that viscous dissipation can be significant in ice cream and that interpretation of this behaviour in terms of wall slip is erroneous.     

A scalable manufacturing process for flexible active‐matrix e‐paper displays

Abstract— A scalable manufacturing process for fabricating active‐matrix backplanes on low‐cost flexible substrates, a key enabler for electronic‐paper displays, is presented. This process is based on solution processing, ink‐jet printing, and laser patterning. A multilayer architecture is employed to enable high aperture ratio and array performance. These backplanes were combined with E Ink electrophoretic media to create high‐performance displays that have high contrast, are bistable, and can be flexed repeatedly to a radius of curvature of 5 mm.     

Liquid‐crystal displays using printed plastic TFT backplanes

Abstract— In this paper, we present results from a new liquid crystal over plastic printed thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) display. The display demonstrator shows that the processing incompatibilities between the plastic TFT backplane and the liquid‐crystal materials can be addressed to make a stable twisted‐nematic structure. New fabrication processes such as the photo‐alignment of liquid crystals have made it possible to create a new generation of displays, which pave the way towards fully integrated plastic liquid‐crystal‐display technologies.     

Testing the Schedulability of Synchronous Traffic for the Timed Token Medium Access Control Protocol

One of the key issues related to guaranteeing synchronous message deadlines in a timed token network (such as fiber distributed data interface) where the timed token medium access control protocol is used is the schedulability test of synchronous traffic (i.e., testing whether or not all synchronous messages can be transmitted before their deadlines, under a given setting of network parameters). Much work has been done on how to assign network parameters appropriately in order to guarantee timely transmission of synchronous traffic. As a result quite a few synchronous bandwidth allocation schemes and some good guidelines on selection of the target token rotation time have been proposed. In contrast, limited research has been conducted on how to effectively test whether or not given network parameters can guarantee timely transmission of all synchronous messages (of a considered synchronous message set) before their deadlines. The previous testing methods for synchronous message schedulability only provide a sufficient (but not necessary) test and therefore fail to always keep effective for any synchronous message set considered. In this paper, we propose two testing methods for determining the schedulability of a synchronous message set with message deadlines no longer than periods. The proposed tests perform better than any previous test in the sense that they are both sufficient and necessary. Some numerical examples are given to compare different testing methods, all of which have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed tests to other existing testing methods.