全文获取类型
收费全文 | 470582篇 |
免费 | 7425篇 |
国内免费 | 1688篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 8646篇 |
综合类 | 519篇 |
化学工业 | 69217篇 |
金属工艺 | 17037篇 |
机械仪表 | 14427篇 |
建筑科学 | 11958篇 |
矿业工程 | 1559篇 |
能源动力 | 12706篇 |
轻工业 | 46447篇 |
水利工程 | 4294篇 |
石油天然气 | 5611篇 |
武器工业 | 73篇 |
无线电 | 61215篇 |
一般工业技术 | 87890篇 |
冶金工业 | 86726篇 |
原子能技术 | 8023篇 |
自动化技术 | 43347篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3664篇 |
2020年 | 2796篇 |
2019年 | 3525篇 |
2018年 | 5752篇 |
2017年 | 5819篇 |
2016年 | 6292篇 |
2015年 | 4237篇 |
2014年 | 7216篇 |
2013年 | 21807篇 |
2012年 | 12299篇 |
2011年 | 17058篇 |
2010年 | 13400篇 |
2009年 | 15036篇 |
2008年 | 16076篇 |
2007年 | 16043篇 |
2006年 | 14578篇 |
2005年 | 13194篇 |
2004年 | 12788篇 |
2003年 | 12475篇 |
2002年 | 11833篇 |
2001年 | 12107篇 |
2000年 | 11185篇 |
1999年 | 11851篇 |
1998年 | 27952篇 |
1997年 | 19823篇 |
1996年 | 15279篇 |
1995年 | 11793篇 |
1994年 | 10415篇 |
1993年 | 10198篇 |
1992年 | 7738篇 |
1991年 | 7271篇 |
1990年 | 6931篇 |
1989年 | 6505篇 |
1988年 | 6305篇 |
1987年 | 5366篇 |
1986年 | 5119篇 |
1985年 | 6241篇 |
1984年 | 5675篇 |
1983年 | 5165篇 |
1982年 | 4821篇 |
1981年 | 4940篇 |
1980年 | 4605篇 |
1979年 | 4352篇 |
1978年 | 4061篇 |
1977年 | 4802篇 |
1976年 | 5932篇 |
1975年 | 3640篇 |
1974年 | 3520篇 |
1973年 | 3589篇 |
1972年 | 2789篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
141.
142.
143.
Valence M. K. Ndesendo Yahya E. Choonara Leith C. R. Meyer Pradeep Kumar Lomas K. Tomar Charu Tyagi 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2015,41(8):1274-1287
Context and objective: The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate a mucoadhesive caplet resulting from a polymeric blend (polymeric caplet) for intravaginal anti-HIV-1 delivery.Materials and methods: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, ethylcellulose, poly(vinylalcohol), polyacrylic acid and modified polyamide 6, 10 polymers were blended and compressed to a caplet-shaped device, with and without two model drugs 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and microscopic analysis were carried out on the caplets employing temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. In vitro and in vivo drug release analyses as well as the histopathological toxicity studies were carried out on the drug-loaded caplets. Furthermore, molecular mechanics (MM) simulations were carried out on the drug-loaded caplets to corroborate the experimental findings.Results and discussion: There was a big deviation between the Tg of the polymeric caplet from the Tg's of the constituent polymers indicating a strong interaction between constituent polymers. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of specific ionic and non-ionic interactions within the caplet. A controlled near zero-order drug release was obtained for AZT (20 d) and PSS (28 d). In vivo results, i.e. the drug concentration in plasma ranged between 0.012–0.332?mg/mL and 0.009–0.256?mg/mL for AZT and PSS over 1–28 d.Conclusion: The obtained results, which were corroborated by MM simulations, attested that the developed system has the potential for effective delivery of anti-HIV-agents. 相似文献
144.
D. Solís-Cortés E. Navarrete-Astorga J.L. Costa-Krämer J. Salguero-Fernandez R. Schrebler D. Leinen E.A. Dalchiele J.R. Ramos-Barrado F. Martín 《Ceramics International》2019,45(5):5577-5587
C-axis textured thin films of gallium-doped indium zinc oxide (GIZO) with a 2% ratio of Ga/Zn, were obtained via RF-magnetron sputtering with high transparency and electrical conductivity. A Box-Behnken response surface design was used to evaluate the effects of the deposition parameters (In2O3 target power, deposition time, and substrate temperature) on the chemical composition, optical, electrical, and structural properties of the GIZO films. The optical constants and the electrical properties were obtained using optical models. The GIZO stoichiometry, and therefore the In/Zn atomic ratio, affected the crystallinity, crystalline parameters, band gap, and charge carrier mobility of the GIZO films. The charge carrier density was related to the change in the crystalline parameters of the hexagonal structure and the In/Zn atomic ratio. The best electrical conductivity values (1.75?×?103 Ω?1 cm?1) were obtained for GIZO films with In/Zn ratio ≥?1. Several figures of merit (FOM) defined for the visible and solar regions were comparatively used to select the optimal In/Zn atomic ratio that provided the best balance between the conductivity and the transparency. The optimal In/Zn ratio was in a range of 0.85–0.90 for the GIZO films. 相似文献
145.
Titania-based ceramics with adjustable anatase-rutile fractions were obtained by milling of anatase, quartz and corundum precursors, uniaxial pressing and firing at 1100?°C. The influence of silica and alumina, combined with milling time and compaction pressure, was studied by design of experiments. The L9 orthogonal array with a three-level noise factor was employed. Firing of pure titania at 1100?°C yielded complete anatase to rutile transformation (ART), whereas stabilized samples show that an optimum amount of 9% silica and 33% alumina reduces phase transformation to only about 5?wt% rutile. An extended correlation matrix combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the combined effects of quartz, alumina, milling time and uniaxial compressing pressure on relative density, and anatase to rutile transformation. Results show absence of ART after milling, and controlled partial conversion of anatase to rutile after firing. Very good fitting was obtained by multivariate analysis on considering first and second order terms for dependence on silica contents and interactions between silica and each of the remaining factors, including milling time. This empirical dependence could be interpreted on a sound physicochemical basis, allowing the prediction of suitable compositions and processing conditions to obtain rutile-free samples by conventional ceramic processing, and to design ceramic samples with controlled fractions of anatase and rutile. 相似文献
146.
147.
148.
Hypoxia formation and breakdown were tracked during 2015 in Muskegon Lake estuary at multiple locations, and five years (2011–2015) of time-series buoy observatory data were evaluated for the effect of episodic wind-events on lake mixing. Bi-weekly water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles at four locations revealed that hypoxia occurred at all sites and persisted for 2–3 months during summer 2015. On one date in late-summer, up to 24% of the lake’s volume was estimated to be mildly hypoxic (DO < 4 mg L?1) as defined by lake sturgeon requirements. Patterns of wind speed and water column stability in late spring indicated that high winds and low stability delayed the onset of hypoxia while in late summer low winds and high stability delayed degradation of hypoxia. Wind speeds appear to play a great role in the interannual variability of stratification and subsequent hypoxia. Water temperature and DO profiles taken before and after one mid-summer mixing event (wind speed >7.7 m s?1 for 10 h), indicated that while the wind was unable to completely mix the entire water column, it deepened the epilimnion by ~1.5 m and sheared a thin layer from the upper hypolimnion. By entraining internally loaded nutrients, such episodic wind-events may initiate and sustain algal blooms in nutrient limited surface waters. Quantifying the variable role of wind and mixing events will be key to integrating limnological processes into climate models of the future. 相似文献
149.
Chitosan microspheres containing bromocresol green, cresol red, and phenolphthalein for corrosion detection, through pH change, are synthesized in order to be used in protective coatings for aluminium alloys. Microspheres containing corrosion detection species are characterized morphologically (SEM) and physico‐chemically (FTIR, TGA). Release studies (UV–vis) are performed in corrosion‐promoting conditions (pH, NaCl), and detection studies by immersion in media associated with corrosion activity while microspheres' sensing activity is evaluated visually. Electrochemical characterization of AA2024 substrates in the presence of chitosan spheres is performed to understand material performance, and a color change is observed as a result of local pH increase in cathodic areas when corrosion takes place. These findings can be correlated with the results from release studies and seem a promising approach for corrosion sensing purposes, not only because pH increase is possible to detect due to corrosion, but also because chitosan is considered an environmentally friendly material. 相似文献
150.
Arif Karademir Cem Aydemir Semiha Yenidogan Emine Arman Kandırmaz Rukiye G. Kıter 《Color research and application》2020,45(6):1170-1178
Alkyd resins are generally used in the production of printing inks. All industries look for alternative raw materials in the production of ink with the growing inclination toward using natural products. Resins forming the vehicle of the ink to be obtained from natural resources will provide benefits for the environment, nature, and living creatures. The aim of the study was to promote the use of natural resin in the ink system. Natural Pinus pinaster resin was added into vegetable and mineral oil-based solvents in pure form with alkyd resin in different amounts and ink varnishes of different combinations were prepared. Then, printing inks were produced from these varnishes in pure and hybrid form. Following the assessment of the rheological properties of the inks prepared, printing tests were conducted to assess the printing quality parameters. Ideal mixing ratios of the natural resins in the ink were determined for printability. The environmental importance and advantages of the use of natural resins were discussed. Recommendations were given in line with the results to encourage widespread use of natural resins in near future. 相似文献