A novel cyclodextrin-derived tellurium compound with glutathione peroxidase activity

A novel dicyclodextrinyl ditelluride (2-TeCD) compound was devised as a functional mimic of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes that normally remove hydroperoxides from the cell. The GPX activity of the mimic was found to be 46.7 U microM(-1), which is 46 times as active as Ebselen, a well-known GPX mimic. A detailed steady-state kinetic study was undertaken to probe the reason for the high catalytic efficiency of 2-TeCD. This high efficiency can be explained based on both the binding of the substrate to the cyclodextrin and the catalytic mechanism of 2-TeCD, which is different from that of diselenide compounds. 2-TeCD exhibits good water solubility and is chemically and biologically stable. The biological effect of 2-TeCD was evaluated by its ability to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage. 2-TeCD exhibited excellent antioxidant capacity in comparison with Ebselen.     

Photoresponsive dendritic azobenzene peptides

Two dendritic peptides containing a branched lysine core and up to eight azobenzene moieties in the periphery were synthesized on solid support employing the omega-amino acid 4-(aminomethyl)phenylazobenzoic acid. With an additional peptidic tail consisting of an oligolysine portion, water solubility was achieved for the dendrimers, which allowed for the characterization of the cis/trans photoisomerization of the dendritic azobenzene species in both organic and aqueous media. Despite the interactions between the chromophores, which occur particularly in aqueous media, at higher dilution the photoisomerization process was found to proceed to extents that should permit photomodulation of molecular recognition processes between ligands grafted to the photosensitive azobenzene units and receptor molecules.     

杀螟硫磷原药和制剂气相色谱测定法的协作研究

世界卫生组织(WHO)于1973年首次把杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)编入农药规格手册。有效成份的分析采用滴定法,该法基于杀螟硫磷在酸性溶液中被锌还原,然后用亚硝酸钠滴定还原产物胺。方法包括原药及其可湿性粉剂的测定。这一方法并不是专一的而且费时。在WHO杀虫剂化学与规格专家委员会1977年会议上,J.W.Miles和D.L.Mount     

镀前处理—磨光与抛光

美国安美特化学公司与广东省轻工电镀学会技术交流会(1982.3)技术资料是该公司来穗交流成员在会上的讲稿,共分十个部份:(一)磨光与抛光;(二)光亮电镀理论;(三)铬酸盐彩色钝化工艺;(四)钢铁件之镍铬电镀;(五)锌压铸件之铜、镍、铬电镀;(六)高速薄层电镀;(7)自动电镀设备,(八)质量管理与测检;(九)废水处理;(十)脉冲电镀。本刊拟根据国内读者需要,选择其中部份专题,翻译整理,自本期起分期选登。美国安美特公司是商业机构,技术资料中带有若干商业性质,本刊对其中产品介绍部份原文照登,目的只是为了让国内读者对国外电镀原料及设备有所了解,请读者自行鉴别。     

由煤地下气化生产电力、代用天然气和合成气的费用估计

对煤地下气化的三个可能的应用:(1)应用低热值煤气复合循环的90万瓩的发电厂;(2)每天生产1.55亿立方英尺热值为954英热单位/立方英尺煤气的代用天燃气工厂;(3)每天生产3.88亿立方英尺适于进一步化学转化的合成气的工厂——作了概念设计。设计以Laramie能源研究中心用竖井连通法地下气化所得次沥青煤的实验结果为依据。三个厂相应的投资为423、376、334百万美元(1978年第一季度价)。产品价格为下列因素的函数:债务/股份资本比、资本的利润率、煤的费用和工厂因数。采用债务/股份资本比为70/30,煤的费用为每短吨五美元,债务利息为9%,缴税后的资本利润率为15%,这时电力价格为每度电2.4美分(工厂因数为70%),代用天燃气价格为每10~6英热单位2.89美元,合成气价格为每10~6英热单位2.48美元(工厂因数均为90%)。这三个工厂的总热效率分别为24,38,40%(基于原始煤)。     

Allelopathic Effects of Volatile Monoterpenoids Produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia leucophylla</Emphasis>: Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and DNA Synthesis in the Root Apical Meristem of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica campestris</Emphasis> Seedlings

Salvia leucophylla, a shrub observed in coastal south California, produces several volatile monoterpenoids (camphor, 1,8-cineole, -pinene, -pinene, and camphene) that potentially act as allelochemicals. The effects of these were examined using Brassica campestris as the test plant. Camphor, 1,8-cineole, and -pinene inhibited germination of B. campestris seeds at high concentrations, whereas -pinene and camphene did not. Root growth was inhibited by all five monoterpenoids in a dose-dependent manner, but hypocotyl growth was largely unaffected. The monoterpenoids did not alter the sizes of matured cells in either hypocotyls or roots, indicating that cell expansion is relatively insensitive to these compounds. They did not decrease the mitotic index in the shoot apical region, but specifically lowered mitotic index in the root apical meristem. Moreover, morphological and biochemical analyses on the incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine into DNA demonstrated that the monoterpenoids inhibit both cell-nuclear and organelle DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem. These results suggest that the monoterpenoids produced by S. leucophylla could interfere with the growth of other plants in its vicinity through inhibition of cell proliferation in the root apical meristem.     

植物病害化学防治概念的演变

预测植物病害化学防治的未来,任何人似乎都很有信心。然而,现在在探索新的杀菌剂研究中所有效进行的工作,都是在计划新的研究战略,希望从中能产生下一代的防治措施。发现、开发和登记新的农药品种所需的漫长时间和巨大费用,迫使工业界采取稳健的研究开发模式,它对新产品的成功率具有显著的影响力,因此任何时候,试验方法或程序只能作细微的变化,所以说新农药发现的原则的变化几乎是不可理解和预知的。     

降膜吸收器的设计

本设计方法适用于任何放热式降膜吸收器——冷却器。给出了立管式吸收器中液泛的关联。 Pagani和Zardi新近提出了一个在降膜交换器内吸收合成塔废气,以回收NH_3的氨分离新方法。氨与载体气在进入吸收器以前,预冷到40℃左右,压力范围100～200大气压。氨在交换器的长垂直管内被进入的水膜(或贫氨液)吸收到极低的残留量。在管子底部得到浓氨     

水性丙烯酸酯涂料加速固化的方法

水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（PUA）涂料在经过干燥之后，在自由基光引发剂存在的条件下，经短时间的UV射线照射后便可以固化。采用实时红外光谱议连续监测丙烯酸酯双键的消失，则可以对此光引发的聚合反应进行定量跟踪。在潮湿空气中或在较高温度条件下，在PUA配方中加入一种反应性增塑剂（二丙烯酸酯单体）时，则此种PUA干燥涂膜的UV固化过程显著加快。为达到稳定分散效果必须选择恰当的羧基基团中和剂，中和剂的选择对聚合物反应的动力学过程以及UV固化后聚合物的亲水特性有着重要的影响，实验证明选用挥发性叔胺可以达到最佳效果。用此方法合成的UV固化PUA涂料具有硬度高和柔韧性好的特点，因此其耐磨和耐划性能均佳。     

High oleic acid oil suppresses lung tumorigenesis in mice through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade

This study was undertaken to estimate the effect of dietary high oleic acid oil (OA) on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. Diet containing 10% oil was fed to mice through experimental periods. On day 30 after NNK injection (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), the treatment increased the level of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of cell proliferation in a high linoleic acid oil (LA)-fed group but not in an OA-fed group. The NNK treatment also induced the activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) cascade (Erk, Mek and Raf-1) in an LA-fed group. On the other hand, OA feeding abolished the NNK-induced activation of the Erk cascade. In conjugation with these events, OA feeding reduced lung tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (percentage of mice with tumors) in mice compared with LA feeding at the 20th experimental week. These results suggest that OA suppresses lung tumorigenesis and that this suppression is correlated with the inhibition of PGE₂ production and inactivation of the Erk cascade.