BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CITATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL NETWORK IN 1950 AND IN 1960.

THE FLOW OF INFORMATION EXCHANGE AMONG 21 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNALS, AS INDEXED BY RECIPROCAL CITATION FREQUENCIES, WAS STUDIED AS A COMMUNICATION NETWORK BY THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION THEORY AND OTHER STATISTICS. JOURNALS BEING CITED WERE TREATED AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION WITHIN THE NETWORK AND JOURNALS DOING THE CITING WERE TREATED AS DESTINATIONS OF INFORMATION. THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THIS NETWORK, FOR 1959 AND 1960, WAS IN TERMS OF SUCH MEASURES AS: TRAFFIC (NUMBER OF MESSAGES EXCHANGED), CONGRUENCE (CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOURCE AND DESTINATION PROBABILITIES), FEEDING VS. STORING FUNCTIONS (RATIOS OF BEING CITED TO CITING), SELF-FEEDING (SELF-CITATION OF JOURNALS), SOURCE AND DESTINATION BALANCES (ENTROPY MEASURES, H, FOR BEING CITED AND CITING ACROSS THE NETWORK), AND NETWORK ORGANIZATION (CONDITIONED PREDICTABILITY OF DESTINATION JOURNAL GIVEN SOURCE JOURNAL). DISTANCE MEASURES WERE APPLIED TO CHARACTERIZE THE STRUCTURE OF THE NETWORK (WHICH JOURNALS ARE CLOSE TO OTHERS IN TERMS OF RECIPROCAL CITATION) IN BOTH 1950 AND 1960. THUMBNAIL SKETCHES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF EACH JOURNAL WITHIN THE NETWORK, IN TERMS OF THESE MEASURES, ARE PRESENTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spontaneous Cracking in Unfired Magnesia Compacts Upon Standing in Air

Analytical-grade magnesium oxide powder without binder was compressed hydrostatically to 50,000 lb. per sq. in. to form compacts. When exposed to moist air immediately after pressing, these compacts developed irregularly shaped cracks. Controlled tests, in which these compacts were exposed for various lengths of time to various atmospheres, indicated that in general water vapor, carbon dioxide, and residual stresses had to be present if cracking was to occur. The probable cause of the cracking was the formation of a less dense and mechanically weak basic carbonate of magnesium at crystallite surface points of high stress concentration which developed during the compacting. The adsorption of dry CO₂ at such sites prevented subsequent delayed fracture.     

Shelf-life of Sterile Yellow-eyed Mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri) at 4°C

The relative effects of microbial and nonmicrobial spoilage on the shelf-life of yellow-eyed mullet were studied. Results of sensory and chemical analyses of sterile flesh stored at 4°C were compared with fillets which had either spoiled naturally while held at 4°C or frozen fillets held at ?18°C. Inosine was produced rapidly in both treatments at 4°C, followed in sterile flesh by a slower breakdown to hypoxan-thine. Hypoxanthine production from inosine was rapid in the presence of bacteria. Within 6 days sensory changes were observed in the frozen flesh and after 69 days, it was considered unacceptable. The development of off-odors and off-flavors in the absence of bacteria was not sufficiently slow to result in a significant extension in shelf-life for this species.     

BLACK-WHITE INCOME INEQUALITY AND THE URBAN SYSTEM OF THE SOUTH

This article reveals the positions of 40 SMSAs in the urban system of the South in 1980, and then investigates whether SMSAs' location in this urban system has an impact on black-white income inequality. The urban sysrem analyzed here is based on Richard Wanner's two-dimensional model and ideas on how each dimension is related to racial income inequality are drawn from work by urban ecologists and radical political economists. It is hypothesized that (1) the higher an SMSA is on the “metropolitan functions” dimension, the more black-white income inequality it will have; and (2) being near the manufacturing end of the “industry structure” dimension has the effect of reducing racial income inequality. Percentage black in the SMSA and black-white educational level are also included in the analysis and the results generally support our hypotheses. The implications of these findings are discussed and the southern urban system in 1980 is compared with ealier depictions of it.     

ACCELERATED PROCESSED RESTRUCTURED BEEF STEAKS

Muscles from ungraded (no roll) beef arm chucks of A maturity steer carcasses were removed at 1 and 24 h postmortem. High connective tissue and fatty portions were reduced to 3.0 mm particle size and other muscles were comminuted to 9.9 mm. These materials were formulated with 1.0% NaCl and 0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate, converted into 25 mm thick restructured steaks and packaged. Subjective evaluations were conducted after 3 and 7 days of storage for appearance and taste attributes by seven trained panelists. Objective measurements were taken for color and tenderness traits, collagen solubility and oxidative rancidity. Postrigor steaks experienced less (P < 0.05) oxidative rancidity development with superior tenderness ratings after 7 days of storage. Rigor state of raw materials had no effect (P > 0.05) on microbial growth, peak break force, color, overall appearance, flavor, and collagen solubility of samples with the same storage periods. Oxidative rancidity of prerigor samples increased (P < 0.05) with additional storage time.     

Radiation Effects on the Physical Properties of Low-Expansion-Coefficient Glasses and Ceramics

The effects of irradiation on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the density, and the elastic moduli of low-CTE materials such as amorphous SiO₂, ultra-low-expansion glass, β-SiC, Astrositall, and Zerodur were surveyed. It was found that the properties of all of these materials were affected by radiation exposures up to 2 × 10⁹ rd; SiO₂ and SiC were the most radiation-resistant of the materials studied.