Changes in Soluble and Bound Peroxidase—IAA Oxidase During Tomato Fruit Development

Soluble peroxidase activity increased dramatically during the early stages of tomato fruit development, reaching a maximum at the mature-green stage. Ionically and covalently bound peroxidases were also observed, and the activities of these fractions increased steadily throughout fruit development. IAA (indoleacetic acid) oxidase activity was observed in both soluble and bound fractions and paralleled the peroxidase activity. Tissue homogenates from juvenile fruit caused an extended induction period in IAA oxidation reactions catalyzed by the purified tomato fruit peroxidase, suggesting the occurence of a high concentration of phenolic-type auxin protectors in this tissue. As the fruit developed, tissue homogenates showed a reduction in the amount of auxin protectors as the IAA oxidizing capacity of the fruit increased.     

RHEOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE

Dynamic viscoelastic parameters and chemical properties of Mozzarella cheese produced using a "no-brine" cheese making method with 3 different cooking temperatures (38, 41, and 44C) were determined. Samples were stored for 3 weeks at 4C before dynamic mechanical analysis at 22C. G', G" and tan δ were 5.8 – 6.4 × 10⁵ dyne/cm², 1.9 – 2.1 × 10⁵ dyne/cm², and 0.33 – 0.35, respectively, at 1% strain and 10 rad/s. The percentage of intact α_s-casein and β-casein were 38–40% and 33–35% of total protein in the cheese, respectively. The range of cooking temperatures used in this experiment had little effect on dynamic viscoelastic properties or the amount of intact protein for the cheese.     

Performance of the Helical Screw Rheometer for Fluid Food Suspensions

The Helical Screw Rheometer (HSR) consists of a helical screw enclosed in a tight fitting cylinder. When the screw is rotated with the system closed it generates a linearly increasing pressure differential along the axis of the screw. The pressure is proportional to the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid. Viscosity of standard Newtonian fluids measured using the HSR correlated well with measurements on a rotational rheometer with cone and plate fixtures. HSR data on non-Newtonian suspensions analyzed with a power law model (σ= mγ^a) did not agree as well with results from cone and plate fiiures on the rotational rheometer.     

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS GRANTS IN URBAN COUNTIES: THE CASE OF HAMILTON COUNTY,OHIO

Urban counties must struggle with metropolitan expansion in order to deliver vital urban services. With the passage of the Housing and Community Development Act, urban counties throughout the nation found it necessary to develop the administrative capacity and the intergovernmental network sufficient to implement the Act. Hamilton County, Ohio, offers a typical example of how an urban county implemented CDBG. The result was a small county community development staff that look a pragmatic approach and relied heavily on the recommendations of participating municipalities and townships. The funded projects were primarily oriented toward transportation and public works. These projects, widely dispersed throughout the county, rewarded diverse political interests, generated few political conflicts, and required minimal county staff resources.     

Characterization of Cranberry Benzoates and Their Antimicrobial Properties

Vacciniin (6-benzoyl-D-glucose) and benzoic acid were the only benzoates detected in extracts of the Stevens cultivar of cranberry. Vacciniin represents 75% of the total and was not inhibitory to the yeasts, Gram positive, or Gram negative bacteria tested.     

A Thickness Gauge for Ceramic Coatings

An instrument has been developed for the purpose of measuring the thickness of protective coatings of ceramic materials applied on nonmagnetic metal bases. This instrument provides a nondestructive method of measurement and can be used on metallic backings having a wide range of electrical conductivities. Also, the thickness measurement refers to a restricted area and is, therefore, applicable to curved surfaces. Although this instrument was developed primarily for the measurement of the thickness of ceramic coatings on turbine blades and other high-temperature parts of aircraft power plants, it should be generally useful in thickness measurements of paint, plastic, and other nonconducting films.     

Mechanical Properties of Magnesia Single Crystals Corn pression

Stress-strain curves of single crystals of magnesia compressed in the [100] direction are reported at temperatures from –196° to 1200°C.; curves are also shown for different rates of loading at room temperature. The crystals show considerable ductility at all temperatures and at room temperature can be deformed plastically about 6% before fracture at stresses which are about one-quarter of reported polycrystalline fracture strengths. The macroscopic yield drops apparently exponentially from an extrapolated value of 50,000 lb. per sq. in. at absolute zero to about 4500 lb. per sq. in. at temperatures of 900°C. and higher. Heat-treatment has an appreciable effect on the yield stress. The resistance of the material to deformation increases with the number of slip systems and bands activated because of the barriers to dislocation movements which occur at slip band intersections. At about 2 to 3% strain, stress concentrations begin to be relieved by small internal cracks which are not easily propagated. This effect is extensive before final macroscopic failure of the crystal occurs. Preliminary creep tests above the macroscopic yield stress and in the temperature range 800° to 1000°C. show large instantaneous plastic deformations followed by slow constant-rate creep.