橡胶籽油基多元醇的制备与表征

以环氧橡胶籽油（ERSO）为原料,甲醇和异丙醇为开环试剂,氟硼酸为催化剂,制备橡胶籽油基多元醇,以产物羟值为指标对制备工艺进行了优化,并对产物进行了表征。研究结果表明,橡胶籽油基多元醇的最佳制备条件为反应时间30min,反应温度70℃,醇与ERSO的质量比为4：1,氟硼酸用量为ERSO质量的1%,异丙醇与甲醇质量比为1：1。通过验证实验可知,在此条件下制备的橡胶籽油基多元醇酸值为2.68mg/g,羟值为219.32mg/g,平均相对分子质量为870.21,含水量为0.08%,黏度为4791mPa·s。同时,通过FT-IR、¹H NMR和¹³C NMR分析表征了橡胶籽油基多元醇的化学结构,结果表明,ERSO中的环氧基发生了开环反应,生成了多元醇。     

Improving Dewaterability and Other Properties of Citric Acid Wastewater Treatment Sludge by Ozone and Peroxone

ABSTRACT

The efficacies of ozonation and peroxone (O₃/H₂O₂) pretreatments were compared for citric acid wastewater sludge conditioning with the objective of improving dewatering characteristics of the sludge. Treatment with 84 mg O₃/g dry solid (DS) and 12.5 mg/g DS H₂O₂ greatly enhanced the effectiveness of ozonation, providing sludge dewaterability similar to that obtained by ozonation at 250 mg O₃/g DS. Most importantly, treatment of citric acid wastewater sludge with 84 mg O₃/g DS and 12.5 mg/g DS H₂O₂ led to the preservation of the nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the sludge with a minimal volatile suspended solids/total suspended solids reduction of 5.5%, which is much lower than that with ozonation at 250 mg O₃/g DS.     

定量核磁共振法研究进展

核磁共振法广泛应用于有机化合物的定性分析,但是它在化合物纯度定值、含量测定中也具有很重要的作用,分为一维谱(1H、13C、14N、15N、19F、31PNMR)、二维谱(J-分辨、1H-1H、1H-13C、DOSY)、液相色谱-核磁共振联用法(LC-NMR)、固体NMR等NMR类型。其中,1H谱最常用,其他一维谱对不同化合物各有其优势。二维核磁共振法对于在一维谱图中信号严重重叠的复杂样品的定量分析非常重要。LC-NMR联用技术将高效的分离手段与NMR联用,可以获得复杂样品的信息。介绍了各类定量核磁共振法在各领域的研究进展。     

反渗透膜污染及其在膜面分布特征研究

将污染的反渗透膜组件解剖,并通过加压染料试验、表观观察、烧失量分析、扫描电镜和X-射线能谱分析(SEM-EDX)、色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)等方法对膜面污染物及其在膜面的分布特征进行研究。结果表明,膜面主要受到有机污染,主要是烃类、脂肪酸类物质;除此之外,还有少量无机污染,主要是SiO2;污染物总量沿从膜组件进口端到出口端的方向逐渐增多,无机污染的变化与之相同,而有机污染的变化与之相反。     

[4.3.1]Bicyclic FKBP Ligands Inhibit Legionella Pneumophila Infection by LpMip-Dependent and LpMip-Independent Mechanisms**

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, a serious form of pneumonia. Its macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip), a member of a highly conserved family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), plays a major role in the proliferation of the gram-negative bacterium in host organisms. In this work, we test our library of >1000 FKBP-focused ligands for inhibition of LpMip. The [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamide turned out as a highly preferred scaffold and provided the most potent LpMip inhibitors known so far. Selected compounds were non-toxic to human cells, displayed antibacterial activity and block bacterial proliferation in cellular infection-assays as well as infectivity in human lung tissue explants. The results confirm [4.3.1]-bicyclic sulfonamides as anti-legionellal agents, although their anti-infective properties cannot be explained by inhibition of LpMip alone.     

新型聚醚PBMCMO的合成及表征

以1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为起始剂、三氟化硼乙醚(BF_3·Et_2O)为催化剂、二氯甲烷(CH_2Cl_2)为溶剂、由3-溴甲基-3-(2-氰乙氧基)甲基氧丁环(BMCMO)开环聚合,首次合成出溴化聚醚PBMCMO,并借助红外光谱完成了结构鉴定。利用GPC、TGA、羟值分析等测试方法完成了聚合物的性能表征。     

Olfactory Sensitivity of the Gilthead Seabream (Sparus auratus L) to Conspecific Body Fluids

The potential for intraspecific chemical communication in the gilthead seabream (a marine perciform) was investigated by assessing the olfactory sensitivity to conspecific body-fluids (water occupied by conspecifics, intestinal fluid, urine, semen, egg fluid) by multiunit electrophysiological recording from the olfactory nerve. The olfactory system was responsive to water previously occupied by conspecifics, and the active compound(s) could be extracted by solid-phase extraction. The olfactory system was extremely sensitive to body fluids of sexually mature conspecifics: thresholds of detection were 1:10^7.4 (intestinal fluid), 1:10^6.1 (gametes), and 1:10^4.2 (urine). The olfactory system was also sensitive to amino acids with thresholds of detection from 10^–8.1 M (l-leucine) to 10^–6.1 M (l-phenylalanine). However, a range of other known fish odorants (steroids, bile acids, and prostaglandins) failed to evoke significant responses. Given the high olfactory sensitivity to intestinal fluid and the low urine release rates of marine compared with freshwater fish, we suggest that chemical communication is likely to be mediated via compounds present in the intestinal fluid rather than urine. Furthermore, the types of chemicals involved are likely to be different from those of freshwater fish. Their exact chemical identity and biological roles remain to be established.     

Investigation of catalytic effects of the proton and Lewis acids on oligomerization and chemical polymerization of pyrrole

Protonation and oligomerization mechanisms of pyrrole monomer were elucidated in the presence of acid such as HBF₄ and Lewis acid such as AlCl₃, FeCl₃ in acetonitrile solutions, using experimental methods such as UV-vis and AA spectroscopy and semi-empirical AM1 calculations. It was observed that pyrrole interacts with proton and Lewis acids on similar mechanisms to produce pyrrole oligomers. The theoretical studies predicted that the both types of acids add to the pyrrole ring on Cβ atom. These studies also showed that FeCl₃, which is used as oxidative agent in the chemical polymerizations, adds to the polypyrrole chain as well.