Zur Beziehung zwischen Fettgehalt und Wassergehalt bei ungewaschener Süßrahmbutter (Fritzbutter)

European Food Research and Technology - Bei der Auswertung der Untersuchungsergebnisse von 547 Proben ungewaschener Süßrahmbutter (Fritzbutter) ergab sich eine enge Beziehung zwischen...     

The effects of the DRD2 polymorphism on smoking cessation and negative affect: evidence for a pharmacogenetic effect on mood.

This study evaluated the relationship between smoking cessation treatment outcome and the DRD2 polymorphism. Participants were 134 smokers who took part in a larger clinical trial evaluating the effects of an antidepressant medication (venlafaxine or placebo) plus standard care (brief counseling and nicotine replacement therapy). Venlafaxine is an antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. A1 smokers were expected to quit significantly less often on placebo, although the abstinence rates between A1s and A2s on active drug were not expected to differ (i.e., an interaction between genotype and drug was hypothesized). In addition, antidepressant therapy was expected to have a similar genotype x treatment interaction on negative affect reduction. The results showed that smokers carrying the DRD2 A1 allele (A1/A1/A2) quit significantly less often than the homozygous A2s (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.01-2.36). No interaction with treatment was observed. A significant pharmacogenetic effect of the drug on negative mood while quitting also was noted. Smokers absent the A1 allele (A2/A2) responded to the drug with a substantial reduction in negative affect, whereas those with the A1 allele showed no significant reduction in negative mood, F(1, 130)=5.95, p=.01. These results are contrary to expectations and suggest that although A1s may have more difficulty quitting, adding venlafaxine does not improve abstinence or mood. However, the results for the A2s provide evidence for a genotype-specific response to a pharmacological intervention, which could have implications for the development of future treatments.     

Automatic Vector Generation Using Constraints and Biasing

Constraining and biasing are frequently used techniques to enhance the quality of randomized vector generation. In this paper, we present a novel method that combines constraints and input biasing in automatic bit-vector generation for block-level functional verification of digital designs, which is implemented in a tool called SimGen. Vector generation in SimGen is confined to a legal input space that is defined by constraints symbolically represented in Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs). A constraint involving state variables in the design defines a state-dependent legal input space. Input biasing can also depend on the state of the design. The effect of constraints and input biasing are combined to form what we called the constrained probabilities of input vectors. An algorithm is developed to efficiently generate input vectors on-the-fly during simulation. The vector generation is a one-pass process, i.e., no backtracking or retry is needed. Also, we describe methods of minimizing the constraint BDDs in an effort to reduce the simulation-time overhead of SimGen. Furthermore we discuss the application of SimGen to a set of commercial design blocks.     

A Mathematical Model of the Vagally Driven SA Nodal Pacemaker

A model is developed for the vagal control of SA nodal activity in the heart and consists essentially of a modified Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol (BVP) model of the ``free-running' SA node and a lumped model of the neural terminations in that region. The model is capable of mimicking both the driven transient behavior of the node in terms of pacemaker and inhibition curves, as well as steady-state entrainment phenomena. The model data also agree very well with experimental data from dog experiments performed in our laboratory. The model is described by a set of nonlinear, third-order, ordinary differential equations and provides a relatively uncomplicated functional model of heart period changes due to vagal stimulation patterns.     

Die qualitativen Reaktionen des Wasserstoffsuperoxyds und deren Anwendbarkeit bei Gegenwart von Milch

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem chemischen Institut der Königl. Tierärztlichen Hochschule zu Hannover.     

Wanderwellen an unsymmetrischen Leitungen

Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit wird nachgewiesen, daß Wanderwellen in vielen Fällen sich längs einer Doppelleitung nicht in symmetrischer Spannungsverteilung ausbreiten. Trotzdem hat in solchen Fällen die Spannung zwischen den Leitern die durch Versuche und Oszillogramm gegebene übliche Form. Die beiden Leiter dagegen schwingen mit ihrer Spannung gegen Erde in verwickelter Form, die durch Oszillogramme in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargelegt ist und in der Wanderwellentheorie begründet wurde.Die Arbeit wurde im elektrotechnischen Institut der Technischen Hochschule Aachen unter Leitung von Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. W. Rogowski ausgeführt. Für seine wertvollen Anregungen bin ich Herrn Prof. Rogowski zu großrn Dank verpflichtet. Auch der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft sei für ihre tatkräftige Unterstützung bestens gedankt.     

Über Winkelfehler von Hochspannungswiderständen

Ohne Zusammenfassung