Deformation Structure of Unidirectionally Compressed Ultrafine-Grained Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloys with gain sizes ranging from 0.46 to 3.22 μm were prepared by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing. The deformation structure of UFG AZ31 alloy resulting from uniaxial compression was studied by optical and electron microscopy. The deformation was noted to proceed with the development of shear bands (SBs), which has not been reported in an UFG hcp metal. Characterization of these SBs was performed, and comparison with the SBs formed in UFG bcc and fcc metals was given. { 10[`1]2} { 10bar{1}2} tension twins inside SBs were found in all specimens compressed, irrespective of the grain size. Discussion on the limiting grain size of twinning in the UFG AZ31 alloy is also given.     

Carbide Formation and Growth Kinetics Enhanced by Tensile Stress and Elevated Temperature Intergranular Cracking in 2.25Cr-1.5W Heat-Resistant Steels

The carbide growth kinetics enhanced in grain interiors is mainly due to the increased diffusivity in the direction normal to the tensile stress. The accelerated kinetics at the grain boundaries normal to the tensile stress is due to the increased grain boundary energy and the widened grain boundary path producing the increased diffusivity in the direction normal to the tensile stress. A strong segregation behavior of impurities to the grain boundary carbide interfaces follows the enhanced grain boundary carbide growth kinetics.     

蒙脱土/聚苯乙烯复合材料的热分解成炭行为

将聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂与不同种类蒙脱土(MMT)进行熔融复合制备MMT/PS复合材料, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对复合材料的微观结构进行了研究。采用SEM、 EDX、 XRD、 氧指数法和锥形量热法研究了复合材料的热分解成炭行为和燃烧性能。结果表明: 用蒙脱土原土(NaMMT)制备的NaMMT/PS复合材料是一种简单物理混合物, 用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)制备的OMMT/PS复合材料是一种插层-部分剥离型纳米复合材料。MMT与PS质量比为6:100时, OMMT/PS复合材料的热释放速率峰值和平均值分别只有NaMMT/PS复合材料相应值的70.7%和67.4%, 火灾性能指数(FPI)是后者的1.2倍, 氧指数比后者增加1.0%, 热分解残余物表面碳元素含量是后者的2.5倍。OMMT/PS复合材料热分解后在材料表面生成一层厚厚的致密、 连续的含碳硅酸盐残余物层, 起到良好的阻燃作用, 而NaMMT/PS复合材料几乎没有成炭能力, 其热分解产物全部来自NaMMT本身的热分解, 阻燃性能很差。     

移动在线实时绘制技术研究综述

移动在线实时绘制技术受移动互联网发展的驱动,为3维可视化、计算机视觉、虚拟现实、增强现实、扩展现实和元宇宙等新兴研究领域提供了核心技术的支撑。本文以在线实时绘制技术为切入点,探讨了该技术在移动端、Web端、云端和多端协同这4类平台下的发展重心和研究现状,并深度阐述了工业级在线云平台的实施方案。首先,针对移动端的在线实时绘制,分析了近年来移动端绘制硬件构架设计的优化方向;探讨了在功耗和带宽受到制约的情况下移动端如何对渲染算法进行加速,如何对高功耗的光线跟踪算法进行优化;列举了包括图形应用程序编程接口(application programming interface,API)和游戏引擎在内的移动端渲染工具。然后,针对Web端在线实时绘制,分析了Web端的3D渲染机制,梳理了以3D场景的轻量化预处理、大规模3D场景的细粒度化网络传输、3D场景的对等传输以及Web3D在线特效渲染为代表的Web端在线绘制的关键技术(尤其面向大规模3D场景),列举了国内外知名Web3D引擎并探讨了主流游戏引擎对Web3D应用的支持。再后,针对云端在线实时绘制,从应用托管、资源调度和串流这三大云平台的核心功能入手,调研了以串流应用优化技术为核心的在线云绘制现状。此后,从多端绘制任务分摊机制入手,分析了以“端云”协同和“端边云”协同为目标的在线多端协同绘制的发展。最后,以当前工业级在线云绘制平台为研究对象,分析了包括微软、英伟达、Unity、酷家乐等一线云绘制企业的在线实时云绘制平台方案,验证了移动在线绘制技术在工业界的实用性。     

A DCT-based multipoint video composition scheme

针对视频会议应用中传统的像素域多路视频混合方法存在运算复杂度高、画面质量损伤的问题,提出了一种基于压缩域的替代方法,并给出了详细的码流映射算法步骤.该方法按照混合后多画面的空间位置关系,通过对输入的多路码流中宏块编码次序的重排和语法元素的映射,在码流级别将多路视频合成到同一画面中,并采取提前量化策略消除可能出现的二次量化失真,从而可兼具处理速度快和高保真的双重优点.以H.263为例验证了此方法的有效性.实验结果表明,与编解码器级联的方法相比,此方法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)平均提高2dB,运算效率提高百倍以上.此研究工作有望为正在制定的国际视频编码标准H.265贡献一种视频混合解决方案.     

甲醇储罐开车前的化学清洗

报道了某一煤化工项目中甲醇储罐及连接管线的清洗实践。     

巯基乙酰壳聚糖制备条件的优化及其絮凝性能

通过正交试验研究了巯基乙酰壳聚糖(MAC)的最佳制备条件,探讨了MAC捕集重金属离子的机理,研究了pH、浊度对MAC除铜效果的影响,并对MAC去除重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+的效果进行了对比。结果表明:制备MAC的最佳条件为:m(壳聚糖)∶m(巯基乙酸)为1∶2,pH为5.0,反应时间为3.5 h;水样浊度对铜离子的去除有促进作用;优化条件下,MAC对重金属离子的选择性顺序为Cd2+Cu2+Ni2+。     

短纤维链板式松弛热定型机流场的研究

分析了链板式松弛热定型机的结构及运行特点;通过对链板式松弛热定型机的冷态测试实验,获得了热定型机内部流场气流的速度分布数据,以探讨热定型机内部流场的特点。结果表明:在纤维层上部存在着明显的气流不均匀现象,匀风板上部具有高速气流区;指出热定型风板开孔不合理,导致纤维层上部气流分布不均匀,气流短路使得散热器下部流场分布不均匀;提出改善热定型机匀风板的开孔率,可实现均匀布风的初步方案。     

Enhanced transformation of triclosan by laccase in the presence of redox mediators

Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent, is an emerging and persistent environmental pollutant that is often found as a contaminant in surface waters and sediments; hence, knowledge of its degradability is important. In this study we investigated laccase-mediated TCS transformation and detoxification, using laccase (from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum) in the presence and absence of redox mediators. Transformation products were identified using HPLC, ESI-MS and GC-MS, and transformation mechanisms were proposed. In the absence of redox mediator, 56.5% TCS removal was observed within 24 h, concomitant with formation of new products with molecular weights greater than that of TCS. These products were dimers and trimers of TCS, as confirmed by ESI-MS analysis. Among the various mediators tested, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and syringaldehyde (SYD) significantly enhanced TCS transformation (∼90%). The presence of these mediators resulted in products with lower molecular weights than TCS, including 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP; confirmed by GC-MS) and dechlorinated forms of 2,4-DCP. When SYD was used as the mediator, dechlorination resulted in 2-chlorohydroquinone (2-CHQ). Bacterial growth inhibition studies revealed that laccase-mediated transformation of TCS effectively decreased its toxicity, with ultimate conversion to less toxic or nontoxic products. Our results confirmed the involvement of two mechanisms of laccase-catalyzed TCS removal: (i) oligomerization in the absence of redox mediators, and (ii) ether bond cleavage followed by dechlorination in the presence of redox mediators. These results suggest that laccase in combination with natural redox mediator systems may be a useful strategy for the detoxification and elimination of TCS from aqueous systems.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定甲基磺酸盐(MSA)电镀锡泥中铜镍铅锑铋

甲基磺酸盐(MSA)体系电镀锡板在生产过程中,电镀液中的锡发生氧化会在阳极形成锡泥,这种固废产物中的重金属元素如果处理不当,将危害环境,因此准确测定电镀锡泥中金属元素的含量有利于指导其后续处理。实验采用硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸并采用微波消解法对样品进行消解,可有效除去锡泥中有机物且不会造成待测元素的损失;采用基体匹配法消除基体效应的影响,选择Cu 324.754 nm、Ni 231.604 nm、Pb 220.353 nm、Sb 206.833 nm、Bi 190.241 nm为分析谱线,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定MSA电镀锡泥中铜、镍、铅、锑、铋的方法。结果表明:在仪器最佳工作条件下,各元素校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999 5,各元素检出限为0.000 2%~0.000 6%。按照实验方法测定MSA电镀锡泥中铜、镍、铅、锑、铋,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)均小于3%,加标回收率为97%~104%。按照实验方法测定MSA电镀锡泥样品中铜、镍、铅、锑、铋,结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜、镍、铅,硫酸铈滴定法测定锑,EDTA滴定法测定铋的对比结果一致性较好。