Welding current influences on Inconel 625/X65 cladding interface

The pulsed gas tungsten arc welding with hot wire was used to clad Inconel 625 on the surface of X65 steel. The influences of welding current in horizontal welding position on the dilution, in further the composition, microstructure, and property of the Inconel 625/X65 cladding interface were investigated. Experimental results show that with the increase in welding current, namely, in heat input and arc force, dilution rate increased; the composition transition region in the cladding layer close to the fusion line, controlled by the cladding temperature, would be widen; in further, the microstructure would be different due to the heat transfer and composition change; the precipitates were niobium-rich MC carbide with a low welding current, but tended to be the intermetallic compounds, Laves phase, with a high welding current; the highest and lowest hardness values appeared on the heat-affected zone and cladding layer next to the bonding interface, respectively.     

Experimental Study on Tunable Electromagnetic Shielding by Microlattice Materials with Organized Microstructures

Porous metal materials are widely used for preventing electromagnetic interference, control of heat conduction and impact absorbing. However, a limitation associated with porous metals is that their irregular and non‐uniformal microstructures make their functions non‐desirably tunable. In this report, the authors propose a microlattice material with precisely controlled microstructures for electromagnetic (EM) shielding. An effective medium model taking into account of the EM stimulated surface current of the metal wires is developed to characterize the EM shielding effect of the microlattice metal. In addition, a compact and integrated measuring device is constructed by using a 3D printing method for experimental verification. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental measurement. The influence of the geometrical parameters of the microlattice metals on EM shielding effect is also studied. The theoretical model and the compact measuring system provide robust and efficient tools for the design of EM shielding materials.

     

Effects of Cu on Microstructures,Mechanical, and Magnetic Properties of Fe–Ni–P Alloys Fabricated by Liquid Phase Sintering

The Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys with different copper content (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) are fabricated by liquid phase sintering (LPS) at 950 °C. The nano‐Cu powder is mechanically mixed for 90 min with Fe–Ni–P composite powder using the ethanol as the medium. The microstructure, microhardness and compressive properties of Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys are investigated. The results indicate that the copper is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of sintered specimens. The sample contains a small amount of γ‐(Fe, Ni) phase when the copper content is 1 wt%, which results in its the highest compressive yield strength (948.1 MPa). The highest microhardness of 371 HV is accessible in Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloy with 2 wt% Cu. The fracture surface analysis indicates that sintered specimens with Cu addition exhibit a typical intergranular mode.     

Ultrathin 2D Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets: Preparation and Application in Photocatalysis

Synthesizing ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework nanosheets in high yields has received increasing research interest but remains a great challenge. In this work, ultrathin zirconium‐porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with thickness down to ≈1.5 nm are synthesized through a pseudoassembly–disassembly strategy. Owing to the their unique properties originating from their ultrathin thickness and highly exposed active sites, the as‐prepared ultrathin nanosheets exhibit far superior photocatalysis performance compared to the corresponding bulk MOF. This work highlights new opportunities in designing ultrathin MOF nanosheets and paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOFs.     

泡沫钢的制备及压缩吸能特性

为制备高强轻质泡沫钢吸能材料,本文以430L不锈钢粉为原料、CaCl₂为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金烧结-溶解法制备了孔隙率为64%~80%,孔径1~4 mm的泡沫钢.利用SEM和XRD对试样进行微观组织结构分析,并对试样进行轴向准静态压缩测试,分析讨论了孔隙率和孔形对泡沫钢压缩变形行为和吸能特性的影响,以及变形过程中孔结构变形和坍塌机理.研究表明：泡沫钢孔结构呈近球形且分布均匀,孔之间通过孔壁上的微孔形成有效连通.在压缩变形过程中,变形区首先发生在孔形不规则且孔壁较薄处,后诱发周围孔变形并形成多个变形带.泡沫钢试样压缩屈服平台应力随着孔隙率的增加而减小,当孔隙率为64.81%~78.82%时,其对应的屈服平台应力为59.37~17.04 MPa.在孔隙率相同的条件下,孔形为近球形的泡沫试样,其屈服平台应力远高于孔形不规则的试样.当应变量为40%时,孔隙率为64.81%~78.82%的泡沫钢,其单位体积的能量吸收值为23.92~7.32 MJ/m³,约为泡沫铝的5~7倍.4种不同孔隙率泡沫钢样品的理想吸能效率(I)均达0.85以上,表明泡沫钢可以作为一种理想的吸能材料.     

Multimodal bioimaging based on gold nanorod and carbon dot nanohybrids as a novel tool for atherosclerosis detection

Advanced biocompatible and robust platforms equipped with diverse properties are highly required in biomedical imaging applications for the early detection of atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancers. Designing nanohybrids composed of noble metals and fluorescent materials is a new way to perform multimodal imaging to overcome the limitations of single-modality counterparts. Herein, we propose the novel design of a multimodal contrast agent; namely, an enhanced nanohybrid comprising gold nanorods (GNRs) and carbon dots (CDs) with silica (SiO₂) as a bridge. The nanohybrid (GNR@SiO₂@CD) construction is based on covalent bonding between SiO₂ and the silane-functionalized CDs, which links the GNRs with the CDs to form typical core–shell units. The novel structure not only retains and even highly improves the optical properties of the GNRs and CDs, but also possesses superior imaging performance in both diffusion reflection (DR) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measurements compared with bare GNRs or fluorescence dyes and CDs. The superior bioimaging properties of the GNR@SiO₂@CD nanohybrids were successfully exploited for in vitro DR and FLIM measurements of macrophages within tissue-like phantoms, paving the way toward a theranostic contrast agent for atherosclerosis and cancer.

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Layered double hydroxides with atomic-scale defects for superior electrocatalysis

Atomic composition tuning and defect engineering are effective strategies toenhance the catalytic performance of multicomponent catalysts by improvingthe synergetic effect; however, it remains challenging to dramatically tune the active sites on multicomponent materials through simultaneous defect engineeringat the atomic scale because of the similarities of the local environment. Herein,using the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as a probe reaction, we deliberatelyintroduced base-soluble Zn(II) or Al(III) sites into NiFe layered double hydroxides(LDHs), which are one of the best OER catalysts. Then, the Zn(II) or Al(III) siteswere selectively etched to create atomic M(II)/M(III) defects, which dramaticallyenhanced the OER activity. At a current density of 20 mA·cm^?2, only 200 mV overpotential was required to generate M(II) defect-rich NiFe LDHs, which is the best NiFe-based OER catalyst reported to date. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations revealed that the creation of dangling Ni–Fe sites (i.e., unsaturated coordinated Ni–Fe sites) by defect engineering of a Ni–O–Fe site at the atomic scale efficiently lowers the Gibbs free energy of the oxygen evolutionprocess. This defect engineering strategy provides new insights into catalysts atthe atomic scale and should be beneficial for the design of a variety of catalysts.

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Pyridine-induced interfacial structural transformation of tetraphenylethylene derivatives investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy

The two-dimensional self-assembly behaviors of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) molecules are significant for further applications, but reports are rare. The self-assembled structures of two C₂-symmetry TPE derivatives (H₄TCPE and H₄ETTC) possessing propeller structures and their stimulus responses to the addition of vinylpyridine derivatives were thoroughly studied with the assistance of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Although their chemical structures were similar, the H₄TCPE and H₄ETTC molecules self-assembled into closely packed lamellar and quadrilateral structures, respectively, at the 1-heptanoic acid/HOPG interface. After the addition of pyridine derivatives (DPE, PEBP-C4, and PEBP-C8), H₄TCPE and H₄ETTC showed different responsiveness resulting in different co-assembly structures. The results indicated that the structures of pyridine derivatives—including backbones and substituents—affected the intermolecular interactions of both H₄TCPE/pyridine and H₄ETTC/pyridine systems. The modification of the self-assembly behaviors of propeller-shaped H₄TCPE and H₄ETTC would contribute to the construction of more complex multilevel nanostructures.

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Large capacitance and fast polarization response of thin electrolyte dielectrics by spin coating for two-dimensional MoS2 devices

Nano Research - A spin-coating method was applied to obtain thinner and smoother PEO/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte films (EFs) with a lower level of crystallization than those obtained using a...     

支承舱减振性能分析

支承舱是运载火箭与航天器之间的重要连接结构,支承舱的振动特性是力学环境设计需要考虑的因素之一.本文从振动环境控制的角度进行支承舱结构动力学分析,阐述了一种基于支承舱振动特性研究的改善航天器力学环境的方法.在有限元建模过程中,引入了材料级性能试验.计算并比较了不同材料支承舱结构对航天器振动环境的作用,比较了连接面形式对振动环境的影响.基于分析结果给出了进一步研究的建议.