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31.
R. Ranjan C. Pantano P. Fischer 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2011,54(21-22):4636-4654
We investigate heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent swept flow in a channel with a wire placed over one of its walls using direct numerical simulation. This geometry is a model of the flow through the wire-wrapped fuel pins, the heat exchanger, typical of many civil nuclear reactor designs. The swept flow configuration generates a recirculation bubble with net mean axial flow. A constant inward heat flux from the walls of the channel is applied. A key aspect of this flow is the presence of a high temperature region at the contact line between the wire and the channel wall, due to thermal confinement (stagnation). We analyze the variation of the temperature in the recirculation bubble at Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity along the wire-axis direction and the channel half height of 5400. Four cases are simulated with different flowrates transverse to the wire-axis direction. This configuration is topologically similar to backward-facing steps or slots with swept flow, except that the dominant flow is along the obstacle axis in the present study and the crossflow is smaller than the axial flow, i.e., the sweep angle is large. The temperature field is simulated at three different Prandtl numbers: 10?2, 10?1 and 1. The lower value of Prandtl number is characteristic of experimental high-temperature reactors that use a molten salt as coolant while the high value is typical of gas (or water vapor) heat exchangers. In addition, mean temperature, turbulence statistics, instantaneous wall temperature distribution and Nusselt number variation are investigated. The peak Nusselt number occurs close to the reattachment location, on the lee side of the wire, and is about 50–60% higher compared to the case without crossflow. The high temperature region follows the growth of the recirculation bubble which increases by about 65% from the lowest to highest amount of crossflow. Particular attention is devoted to the temperature distribution on the walls of the channel and the surface of the wire. The behavior of the heat-flux across the mean dividing streamline of the recirculation bubble is investigated to quantify the local heat transfer rates occurring in this region. 相似文献
32.
Ranjan Bhattacharyya T. K. Das P. Pramanik V. Ganeshan A. A. Saad A. R. Sharma 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2013,96(2-3):185-202
We evaluated impacts of conservation agriculture (zero tillage, bed planting and residue retention) on changes in total soil N (TSN) and aggregate-associated N storage in a sandy loam soil of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops were grown during the first 3 years (2008–2011) and in the last year, maize (Zea mays) and wheat were cultivated. Results indicate that after 4 years the plots under zero tillage with bed planting (ZT-B) and zero tillage with flat planting (ZT-F) had 15 % higher TSN concentrations than conventional tillage and bed planting plots (CT-B) (0.63 g kg?1 soil) in the 0–5 cm soil layer. CT-B plots had lower soil bulk density that ZT plots in that layer. Plots under ZT-B (0.57 Mg ha?1) contained 20 % higher TSN stock in the 0–5 cm soil layer than CT-B plots (0.48 Mg ha?1). However, tillage had no impact on TSN concentration or stock in the sub-surface (5–15 and 15–30 cm) soil layers. Thus, in the 0–30 cm soil layer, ZT-B plots contained 6 and 5 % higher (P > 0.05) TSN stock compared with CT-B (2.15 Mg N ha?1) and CT-F (2.19 Mg N ha?1) plots respectively after 4 years. Plots that received cotton/maize + wheat residue (C/M + W RES) contained 16 % higher TSN concentration than plots with residues removed (N RES; 0.62 g kg?1 soil) in the surface (0–5 cm) layer. Plots with only cotton/maize residue (C/M RES) or only wheat residue (W RES) retention/incorporation had similar TSN concentrations and stocks in the subsurface layer. Plots under ZT-B also had more macroaggregates (0.25–8 mm) and greater mean weight diameter with lower silt + clay sized particles than CT-B plots in that layer. A greater proportion of large macroaggregates (2–8 mm) in the plots under C/M + W RES compared with N RES were observed. In the 5–15 cm soil layer ZT-B and C/M + W RES treated plots had more macroaggregates and greater mean weight diameter than CT-B and N RES treated plots, respectively. Because of the greater amount of large aggregates, plots under ZT-B and C/M + W RES had 49 and 35 % higher large macroaggregate-associated N stocks than CT-B (38 kg TSN ha?1) and N RES (40 kg TSN ha?1) plots, respectively, in the 0–5 cm soil layer, although aggregates had similar TSN concentrations in all plots. Both tillage and residue retention had greater effects on aggregate-associated N stocks in the 5–15 cm layers. In addition to N content within large macroaggregates, small macroaggregate-associated N contents were also positively affected by ZT-B and C/M + W RES. Tillage and residue retention interaction effects were not significant for all parameters. Thus, the adoption of ZT in permanent beds with crop residue addition is a better management option for improvement of soil N (and thus possibly a reduced dose of fertilizer N can be adopted in the long run), as the management practice has the potential to improve soil aggregation with greater accumulation of TSN within macroaggregates, and this trend would likely have additive effects with advancing years of the same management practices in this region. 相似文献
33.
AbstractIn this paper, the thermoelastic behavior of a functionally graded material (FGM) annular fin is investigated. The material properties of the annular fin are assumed to vary radially. The heat transfer coefficient and internal heat generation are considered to be functions of temperature. A closed form solution of nonlinear heat transfer equation for the FGM fin is obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) which leads to nonuniform temperature distributions within the fin. The temperature field is then coupled with the classical theory of elasticity and the associated thermal stresses are derived analytically. For the correctness of the present closed form solution for the stress field, the results are compared with the ANSYS-based finite element method (FEM) solution. The present HPM-based closed form solution of the stress field exhibits a good agreement with the FEM results. The effect of various thermal parameters such as the thermogeometric parameter, conduction-radiation parameter, internal heat generation parameter, coefficient of variation of thermal conductivity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion on the thermal stresses are discussed. The results are presented in both nondimensional and dimensional form. The dimensional stress analysis discloses the suitability of FGM as the fin material in practical applications. 相似文献
34.
Rajeev Kumar Ranjan Sajal K. Paul 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2018,94(1):177-193
A self-generating square/triangular wave and pulse width modulator (PWM) using multiple output current controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier (MO-CCCDTA) is presented. To obtain all the three functions simultaneously from the same topology, the MO-CCCDTA is modified a little bit. The characterisation of the modified MO-CCCDTA structure shows that the parasitic resistances at input terminals (n and p) can be varied via bias current. The maximum useful frequency range is found to be 635 MHz, which is higher than the available literature. The waveform generator and PWM circuit use only one MO-CCCDTA, one grounded capacitor and no resistor; hence suitable for IC implementation. The duty cycle of proposed pulse width modulation can be tuned by bias current of MO-CCCDTA over a wide range. The performances of the proposed block and its applications (square/triangular/PWM) are verified by PSPICE simulation using TSMC 0.35 µm technology. The power consumption is about 1.12 mW. To verify experimentally, a prototype of MO-CCCDTA has been made using commercially available ICs (AD844AN and CA3080) on printed circuit board. The simulation and experimental results verify theoretical proposition well. Monte carlo simulation is carried out, which proves satisfactory performance of the proposed circuit against mismatches. The performance of the proposed circuit is also verified through pre-layout and post-layout simulation results. The required chip area is only 22.415 × 14.6 µm2. 相似文献
35.
Maurya Ranjan Kumar Kaur Rajvinder Kumar Ramesh Agarwal Ajay 《Microsystem Technologies》2019,25(10):3933-3941
Microsystem Technologies - This paper reports the development of a novel electronic micro-viscometer capable of measuring viscosity of different Newtonian fluids using less than 100 µl which... 相似文献
36.
Valuable metal extraction technology from thermal power plant fly ash is limited. In the present study, aluminium is extracted from fly ash as highly pure aluminium sulphate (>99.0%) by leaching with sulphuric acid, followed by pre-concentration and successive crystallization. Two types of fly ashes from different sources, i.e., Talcher Thermal Power Station (TTPS) and Vedanta Aluminium Company Limited (VAL) were chosen for comparative study on the extraction of aluminium as aluminium sulphate. The product is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Purity of aluminium sulphate was also investigated by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The extraction efficiency of aluminium depends on the varied solid-to-liquid ratio (fly ash : 18 mol/L H2SO4, g/mL) and particle size of fly ashes. Physico-chemical analysis indicates that the obtained product is Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, having low iron content (0.08%). 相似文献
37.
Das Swarup Chattopadhyay Krishnendu Bhadra Chaudhuri Sekhar Ranjan 《Wireless Personal Communications》2020,110(2):677-698
Wireless Personal Communications - In this paper a combination of rectangular and elliptical fractal geometry is applied on a regular hexagonal wide slot antenna fabricated using a FR4 substrate to... 相似文献
38.
Rakesh Sarin Ajay K. Arora Rajeev Ranjan Anurag A. Gupta Ravinder K. Malhotra 《Lubrication Science》2007,19(2):151-157
Bio‐diesel has been accepted as a renewable liquid biofuel worldwide. In order to ensure customers' acceptance, standardisation and quality assurance are the key factors to the market introduction of bio‐diesel as a transport fuel. Lubricity of bio‐diesel is an important issue and it is well reported that 1–2% bio‐diesel is sufficient to maintain the lubricity of diesel even of very poor lubricity. However, a wide variation in lubricity performance of bio‐diesel from different vegetable oils and sources has been noticed. In addition, on critical examination, it was noticed that the variation in the lubricating performance of bio‐diesel could be better linked to its residual acidity than to variation in fatty acid composition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
Solomon Sundar Manoharan Swati Sigamani John Prasanna Manju Lata Rao Ranjan Kumar Sahu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(10):2469-2471
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a physical mixture of metal nitrates and amides/hydrazides is observed to initiate high-temperature reactions, useful for realizing several high-temperature ceramic materials. A judicious choice of such redox mixtures undergoes exothermic reactions when they couple with microwave radiation. The coupling of electromagnetic radiation with metal salts and amides/hydrazides depends on the dielectric properties of the individual components in the reaction mixture. The approach has been used to prepare γ-Fe2 O3 , Fe3 O4 , MgCr2 O4 , α-CaCr2 O4 , and La0.7 Ba0.3 MnO3 . 相似文献
40.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based composites have been prepared by in situ technique using Mesua ferrea L. seed oil-based hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) as the matrix. The scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed good dispersion as well as interaction of MWCNT with the matrix. Remarkable recovery of shape to the extent of 98% was obtained after composite formation. More than 300% improvement in tensile strength was observed as compared to the pristine HBPU. Significant enhancement of thermal stability up to 275 °C was found even at low MWCNT loading (1 wt.%). Bacterial degradation of the composite films was tested using two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MTCC 7814 and MTCC 7815. The composites exhibited enhanced biodegradability as compared to the pristine polymer. The cytocompatibility test based on hemolysis of red blood cells showed that the material lacks cytotoxicity. The investigation indicates that the material has high potential as shape memory biomaterial. 相似文献