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排序方式: 共有493条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
91.
Birgit‐Christiane Zyriax Eberhard Windler 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2000,102(5):355-365
In developed countries atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the reason for about 50% of all deaths. With growing prosperity coronary heart disease (CHD) is becoming the major cause of premature death. Most complications of atherosclerosis occur unexpectedly and more than 50% of the patients developing a myocardial infarction do not survive more than one year. Because of the severe morbidity and high mortality primary prevention is likely to be the only solution. Epidemiological studies show a strong, positive relationship between plasma cholesterol concentrations and the incidence of CHD. People who immigrate from low‐risk to high‐risk areas usually acquire similar plasma cholesterol levels as the native population and a similar CHD risk. This demonstrates that environmental rather than genetic factors lead to the differences in cardiovascular risk and supports the notion that nutrition and lifestyle play a major role. The association between dietary intake of fat and cholesterol and the extent of atherosclerosis and CHD has been recognized in previous studies. The amount of saturated fat in the diet correlates stronger with the incidence of CHD than with total fat intake. The consumption of unsaturated fatty acids, however, appears to be beneficial, since it is inversely correlated with the plasma cholesterol concentration and risk of myocardial infarction. Lately additional nutritional factors like trans fatty acids with a negative influence on risk as well as positive factors like linolenic acid have attracted much attention. In conclusion, as a challenge to public health, preventive medicine needs to focus on changes in dietary habits with priority, particularly fat modification. A nutrition low in total fat primarily avoiding saturated and trans fatty acids, but rich in fruit and vegetables should be recommended. 相似文献
92.
Nicolas Vivas Guy Bourgeois Christiane Vitry Yves Glories Victor de Freitas 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1996,72(3):309-317
The composition of various commercial tannin extracts were determined by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). Spectra were obtained directly from tannin extracts without any pre-separation. Eight different tannin powders were analysed: three gallotannins (Chinese, Turkish, tara), three ellagitannins (sweet chestnut, pendunculata oak, sessile oak), one mixed hydrolysable tannin (myrabolans) and one proanthocyanidin (grape seeds). This method enabled the main molecules in these powders to be identified. 相似文献
93.
A. Cervellon J. Cormier F. Mauget Z. Hervier Y. Nadot 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2018,49(9):3938-3950
Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties at high temperature of Ni-based single-crystal (SX) superalloys and of a directionally solidified (DS) superalloy have been investigated at 20 kHz and a temperature of 1000 °C. Under fully reversed conditions (R = ? 1), no noticeable difference in VHCF lifetimes between all investigated alloys has been observed. Internal casting pores size is the main VHCF lifetime-controlling factor whatever the chemical composition of the alloys. Other types of microstructural defects (eutectics, carbides), if present, may act as stress concentration sites when the number of cycles exceed 109 cycles or when porosity is absent by applying a prior hot isostatic pressing treatment. For longer tests (> 30 hours), oxidation also controls the main crack initiation sites leading to a mode I crack initiation from oxidized layer. Under such conditions, alloy’s resistance to oxidation has a prominent role in controlling the VHCF. When creep damage is present at high ratios (R ≥ 0.8), creep resistance of SX/DS alloys governs VHCF lifetime. Under such high mean stress conditions, SX alloys developed to retard the initiation and creep propagation of mode I micro-cracks from pores have better VHCF lifetimes. 相似文献
94.
In many applications, polycarbonate surfaces need to be coated as a protection against abrasion and decomposition caused by weathering. In particular, UV radiation during exposure to sunlight degrades polycarbonate, which causes delamination of the protective layer. To avoid coating delamination, the layer itself needs an absorption edge near 400 nm. One option is to use UV-absorbing organic molecules. The aim of the present study was to develop UV-protective layer stacks containing suitable organic molecules deposited in a vacuum process, with a focus on the stability of UV-absorbing organic layers during UV irradiation and their optical properties. The commercial UV absorber Tinuvin™ 360 and the organic compound N,N′-di(naphth-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine were used. Thin layers of the organic materials were evaporated thermally. The optical properties and UV stability were investigated using UV-VIS and infrared spectroscopy. 相似文献
95.
Chaudhury Dipesh; Manella Laura; Arellanos Adolfo; Escanilla Olga; Cleland Thomas A.; Linster Christiane 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,124(4):490
Habituation is a simple form of memory, yet its neurobiological mechanisms are only beginning to be understood in mammals. In the olfactory system, the neural correlates of habituation at a fast experimental timescale involving very short intertrial intervals (tens of seconds) have been shown to depend on synaptic adaptation in olfactory cortex. In contrast, behavioral habituation to odorants on a longer timescale with intertrial intervals of several minutes depends on processes in the olfactory bulb, as demonstrated by pharmacological studies. We here show that behavioral habituation to odorants on this longer timescale has a neuronal activity correlate in the olfactory bulb. Spiking responses of mitral cells in the rat olfactory bulb adapt to, and recover from, repeated odorant stimulation with 5-min intertrial intervals with a time course similar to that of behavioral habituation. Moreover, both the behavioral and neuronal effects of odor habituation require functioning N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors in the olfactory bulb. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
96.
97.
Javad Mola Christiane Ullrich Buxiao Kuang Reza Rahimi Qiuliang Huang David Rafaja Roman Ritzenhoff 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2017,48(3):1033-1052
The high-temperature austenite phase of a high-interstitial Mn- and Ni-free stainless steel was stabilized at room temperature by the full dissolution of precipitates after solution annealing at 1523 K (1250 °C). The austenitic steel was subsequently tensile-tested in the temperature range of 298 K to 503 K (25 °C to 230 °C). Tensile elongation progressively enhanced at higher tensile test temperatures and reached 79 pct at 503 K (230 °C). The enhancement at higher temperatures of tensile ductility was attributed to the increased mechanical stability of austenite and the delayed formation of deformation-induced martensite. Microstructural examinations after tensile deformation at 433 K (160 °C) and 503 K (230 °C) revealed the presence of a high density of planar glide features, most noticeably deformation twins. Furthermore, the deformation twin to deformation-induced martensite transformation was observed at these temperatures. The results confirm that the high tensile ductility of conventional Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic stainless steels may be similarly reproduced in Ni- and Mn-free high-interstitial stainless steels solution annealed at sufficiently high temperatures. The tensile ductility of the alloy was found to deteriorate with decarburization and denitriding processes during heat treatment which contributed to the formation of martensite in an outermost rim of tensile specimens. 相似文献
98.
Aufgrund ihrer schlanken Bauweise gelten viele Fußgängerbrücken bei personeninduzierten Belastungen als schwingungsanfällig. Die eventuelle Ausstattung einer Brücke mit zusätzlichen Dämpfungsmaßnahmen sollte bereits in der Planungsphase berücksichtigt werden, damit bei Gewissheit, dass Maßnahmen notwendig sind, die Fertigstellung und Eröffnung der Brücke nicht verzögert wird. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird am Beispiel des August‐Wilhelm‐Stegs in Oranienburg das Vorgehen zwischen Erkennen einer möglichen Schwingungsanfälligkeit, Prüfung der Erforderlichkeit schwingungsdämpfender Maßnahmen, Auslegung und Einbau sowie Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit erläutert. Dabei werden insbesondere die praktischen Aspekte bei der Auslegung der Massendämpfer erläutert. The increasing comfort of footbridges with mass dampers is exemplary shown with the August‐Wilhelm‐Steg in Oranienburg, Germany. Many footbridges are susceptible to pedestrian induced vibrations due to their slender design. Hence, an equipment with additional damping devices on demand should be considered already in the preliminary design phase to avoid unnecessary delays of the erection and opening, if the damping devices are required. In this article the procedure of identifying a potential vibration susceptibility, checking the necessity of damping devices, design and installation as well as checking the working efficiency of them are explained using the example of the August‐Wilhelm‐Steg in Oranienburg. Particular emphasis is laid on the practical aspects when designing tuned mass dampers. 相似文献
99.
100.
Absorption and chemopreventive targets of sulforaphane in humans following consumption of broccoli sprouts or a myrosinase‐treated broccoli sprout extract
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