Free amino acid amounts in raw cocoas from different origins

Raw cocoa is the processed and traded form of the cocoa seed. Fresh seeds undergo fermentation and a drying process before they are prepared for transport and shipping. Depending on the local situation in the producer region the seeds are collected from big estates and are fermented and dried in big lots or they originate from small farmer's crop trees. In the subsequent transport and trading chain raw cocoas may be mixed and stored before they finally are sold and brought to the consumer countries. Local or regional variations in cocoa plant material, fermentation procedures and drying processes finally result in a typical traded good with respect to the amino acids, which form an important part of the flavour precursors. These free amino acids and their composition result from the fermentation procedure of fresh seeds. In the course of the fermentation specific cleavage of cocoa storage proteins delivers the amino acid patterns. In this study the variation of free amino acid amount and distribution of 108 commercially fermented and traded cocoa samples and two Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum samples were determined. This examination showed clearly, that content and distribution of free amino acids in raw cocoa from different origins vary greatly (5–25 mg g⁻¹ fatfree dry matter), in some cases country and even region-specific differences were apparent. It is important to notice typical, region-specific variations in the amounts and compositions of free amino acids.     

Helminth eggs removal by microscreening for water reclamation and reuse.

Irrigation with reclaimed water is becoming a practical alternative to conventional irrigation in semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean like Spain, but it requires a reliable treatment process to provide a safe water supply. Helminth eggs are one of the main concerns for the safe use of reclaimed water, as they can survive adverse environmental conditions and they are highly infective. Spanish water quality criteria and International guidelines set a limit of 0.1 eggs/l for water uses with unrestricted human exposure. Two microscreening processes have been tested to determine their potential for helminth eggs removal, after a conventional physic-chemical reclamation process. Hydrotech Drum and Discfilters, provided with 10 microm pore size filter cloth, were tested to determine their efficiency for helminth eggs straining. An experimental test was conducted using 20 microm spherical latex particles, as surrogates for helminth eggs, to test the removal efficiency of a small full-scale drumfilter. In a subsequent laboratory test, actual Trichuris suis eggs were strained using a 10 microm pore size filter cloth from a discfilter. Results from both tests indicate that drum and discfilters are able to achieve 99% removal efficiency for spherical latex particles and a complete removal for helminth eggs in reclaimed water.     

激光打印机对空气质量的影响研究新进展

德国布伦瑞克大学夫朗和费WKI研究所(Fraunhofer wilhelm Klauditz Institute)和澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的研究者经过合作研究,得出结论,他们认为激光打印机在工作时散发出来的超微细粒子并不是人们想象的炭粉颗粒,而是一些像石蜡、硅油这样的挥发性物质."这些超微细粒子的一个关键特点是挥发性,这就表明它显然不是炭粉",WKI材料分析与室内化学系的领导人Tunga Salthammer教授解释说.     

Concerns about breast cancer and relations to psychosocial well-being in a multiethnic sample of early-stage patients.

Much work on psychosocial sequelae of breast cancer has been guided by the assumption that body image and partner reaction issues are focal. In a tri-ethnic sample of 223 women treated for early-stage breast cancer within the prior year, the authors assessed a wider range of concerns and relations to well-being. Strongest concerns were recurrence, pain, death, harm from adjuvant treatment, and bills. Body-image concerns were moderate; concern about rejection was minimal. Younger women had stronger sexual and partner-related concerns than older women. Hispanic women had many stronger concerns and more disruption than other women. Life and pain concerns and sexuality concerns contributed uniquely to predicting emotional and psychosexual disruption; life and pain concerns and rejection concerns contributed to predicting social disruption. In sum, adaptation to breast cancer is a process bearing on several aspects of the patient's life space. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于农场水平景观相关目标的实施

所有的规划必须从土地使用的角度进行实施。现在农民还没有做好准备，并且规划并没有考虑到具体的农民和农场的条件。这怎么办呢？要给农民一些具体的目标，调动他们生产生态友好的产品和作物的积极性，同时让他们更好地参与决策的过程，自己决定怎样来实现目标。     

Identification of self-verification in the formation of children's academic self-concept.

From a self-verification perspective, individuals strive to maintain a consistent self-concept, even if that self-concept is negative. However, most of the research has involved adults and social relationships. In contrast, this study evaluated whether self-verification was also present with children and in the formation of academic self-concept. This was done with a sample of preadolescent students with low and high reading and mathematics performance. There was support for the self-verification notion that individuals with low achievement in one academic domain reduce their self-concept in another. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem.

This research responded to researchers' calls for investigation of potential moderators of the link between perceptions of racist discrimination and mental health. In a sample of 119 African American young adults, the authors investigated the extent to which 4 theoretically relevant variables moderated the perceived racism–mental health relation. Consistent with predictions, results revealed that greater experience with racial socialization messages attenuated the link between reports of racist events and poorer mental health. Self-esteem also moderated the relation, but in a direction opposite that predicted. Neither racial socialization beliefs nor African American social networks moderated the relation. Overall, results indicated that individual differences shape the extent to which African Americans' mental health is related to perceptions of racist discriminations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)